Rola poczmistrza w XX w. na przykładzie małych miast Galicji

„Dynowinka” 1994, nr 22„Poczta Polska” 2004, s. 19„Poczta Polska” 2006, nr 545, s. 27„Poczta Polska” 1995, nr 14„Poczta Polska” 2001, nr 289/290„Poczta Polska” 1998, nr 43„Poczta Polska” 1995, nr 2/13„Pocztowiec” 1903„Promień słońca” 1937, nr 29, s. 27„Przegląd rzeszowski” 1939Brzęk-Piszczowa R., Błażowa niegdyś i dzisiaj, zarys popularnonaukowy, Rzeszów 1978.Brzęk G., Związki Władysława Sikorskiego z Błażową, Warszawa 1939–1945, Kraków 1987.Hoff J., Mieszkańcy małych miast Galicji Wschodniej w okresie autonomicznym, Rzeszów 2005.Koczela S., Wspomnienia o Błażowej 1930–1989.Orłowicz M., Ilustrowany przewodnik po Galicji, Lwów 1914.Wielka ilustrowana encyklopedia powszechna, t. 12, Polska, Gutenberg, Kraków 1931, s. 91.2614516

Cervical cancer - is there anything to worry about? Research on knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer among Poles

Cervical cancer poses a global health challenge, being one of the most common cancers of the reproductive organs and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The disease, resulting from infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV), tends to develop in advanced stages, significantly complicating effective treatment. Despite advancements in medicine, diagnostics, and therapy, cervical cancer remains a serious public health threat. Periodic surveillance through screening has significantly reduced the incidence of cervical cancer; however, in Poland, there is a notable gap between potentially available preventive measures and their actual utilization by the population. It has been observed that only around 20% of Polish women participate in screening programs, contributing to Poland having one of the highest rates of incidence and mortality from this type of cancer in Europe. This leads to the conclusion that cervical cancer constitutes an unresolved oncological and epidemiological problem in Poland. In the context of these challenges, a crucial aspect is understanding the level of public knowledge about cervical cancer, its risk factors, and available preventive measures. This study focuses on evaluating the societal knowledge regarding the risk factors of cervical cancer, identifying existing gaps, and suggesting potential areas for educational interventions

Wilson's disease - clinical picture, factors influencing disease progression, treatment methods

Wilson's disease, also known as hepatolenticular degeneration, is a rare genetic metabolic disorder that leads to excessive accumulation of copper in the body, particularly in the liver and brain. This results in the gradual damage of these organs and leads to a variety of clinical symptoms. The symptoms of Wilson's disease can be diverse, leading to a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations including fatigue, jaundice, hand tremors, mood disorders, difficulty walking, speech disturbances, as well as neurological and psychiatric issues.The treatment of Wilson's disease typically involves the oral administration of copper-chelating agents, which help the body to eliminate the excess copper. In some cases, symptomatic treatment related to liver or brain damage may also be necessary. The diagnosis of Wilson's disease is based on laboratory tests, imaging studies (such as MRI or CT scans), and the assessment of clinical symptoms. Due to the variety of symptoms, patients are often misdiagnosed, and untreated Wilson's disease inevitably leads to death. Genetic testing can also be useful in confirming the diagnosis. Although Wilson's disease is a chronic condition, with appropriate treatment and monitoring, its symptoms can be effectively managed, and further damage to the liver and brain can be prevented. Regular monitoring of copper levels in the blood, as well as liver and brain function, is crucial for the effective management of Wilson's disease

I'm sick? I don't train!" – Relation between training during upper respiratory infection and myocarditis

IntrocudtionMyocarditis is one of the leading causes of sudden cardiac deaths among athletes. One of the factors increasing the risk of this disease is engaging in sports training during an infection. Many athletes, regardless of their level of advancement, are not aware of the risks associated with training during an infection, and those who are aware often ignore them and continue training. Purpose Assessment of behaviors and awareness among runners in Poland regarding the risk of developing myocarditis as a result of training during respiratory tract infections. Material and method In December 2023, a voluntary and anonymous online survey was conducted among a group of 399 adult runners from Poland. The survey included 13 questions, consisting of 11 single-choice questions and 2 multiple-choice questions. Results The percentage of individuals who do not associate training during an infection with an increased risk of myocarditis amounts to as much as 44.4% (n=177), while a staggering 86.7% (n=346) of respondents declare that they undertake training during respiratory infections. Conslusion After analyzing the survey, it's evident that while the Polish running community recognizes the risks of training during infections, many still exercise despite symptoms. Although most understand that intense training and early return to sports can harm health, awareness of myocarditis risks from exertion during infection is lacking. Despite protocols for post-illness return to sports, there's a need for campaigns to educate the running community on infection-related training risks. &nbsp

Bouveret's Syndrome: Diagnostic Dilemmas and Therapeutic Strategies - A Comprehensive Educational Approach for Healthcare Professionals

Bouveret's syndrome, a rare complication of gallstone disease, poses a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, particularly in elderly individuals with multiple comorbidities. The mortality rate ranges from 12-30%, emphasizing the importance of prompt and accurate diagnosis. Nonspecific symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, contribute to delayed diagnosis. Healthcare professionals, especially those involved in gastroenterology and surgery, require comprehensive education on Bouveret's syndrome. Training should emphasize the diverse diagnostic modalities, including the use of imaging techniques such as X-rays, ultrasound, and MRI. Awareness of the syndrome's rarity and collaboration among specialists from various fields are crucial for effective management. Additionally, educational programs should underscore the need for individualized treatment plans, considering patient parameters such as age, comorbidities, and the inflammatory state of surrounding tissues. While endoscopic procedures exhibit lower success rates, they are often preferred due to the high risk associated with open surgical procedures in elderly patients. Continuous medical education should also highlight the potential link between diabetes and Bouveret's syndrome, emphasizing the importance of recognizing risk factors and ensuring timely medical intervention. In conclusion, enhancing the knowledge base of healthcare professionals through targeted education is essential for improving the diagnosis and management of Bouveret's syndrome, ultimately contributing to better patient outcomes

Hypoglycemia impact on psychiatric symptoms and brain changes in anorexia nervosa

This study examines the potential impact of hypoglycemia on mental comorbidity in anorexia, comparing it to similar changes in diabetes. Anorexia, characterized by low body weight, is linked to hypoglycemia, possibly affecting mental health. Recurrent hypoglycemia in diabetes leads to mood changes and cognitive impairment. Anorexic individuals may experience deficits in cognitive functioning and psychiatric comorbidities, including affective disorders and anxiety. Imaging studies show structural changes in the brains of both anorexia and diabetes patients, but the direct link between hypoglycemia and psychoorganic changes in anorexia remains inconclusive, warranting further investigation

Onychocryptosis: A review of epidemiology, risk factors, classification, complications and effective therapeutic strategies.

Abstract: Ingrown toenails, clinically known as onychocryptosis, represent a prevalent nail pathology. The clinical manifestation involves symptoms typical for a foreign body reaction and in severe cases, tissue hypertrophy with complications may occur.  Key risk factors include improper nail care, trauma, obesity, tight footwear, poor foot hygiene, and genetic predisposition. The condition predominantly affects individuals between the first and the third decades of life and older adults, with a predilection for the great toe, especially the lateral skin fold. The Heifetz and Scholz classifications delineate the stages of ingrown toenails based on severity. Therapeutic approaches range from conservative procedures, such as taping, dental floss, gutter treatment, cotton nail cast, braces and super elastic wire to surgical interventions like partial or total nail avulsion, matricectomy and advanced techniques like the Vandebos procedure or the Winograd procedure. Although many studies have analysed available treatment methods, there is no consensus among specialists regarding the best therapeutic strategy. Complications include paronychia, infection, and scarring. A comprehensive therapeutic approach should consider clinical severity, patient preferences, and both conservative and surgical interventions, emphasizing the importance of larger randomized clinical trials to establish definitive guidelines

The solution to drug resistance of Gram-negative bacteria – Cefiderocol

Introduction: A major public health problem is the emergence of anti-gram-negative antimicrobial resistance worldwide. Cefiderocol is a new agent targeting Gram-negative bacteria, including strains with resistance to carbapenems. Aim of the study: Analysis of the efficiency of cefiderocol in the treatment of infections caused by gram-negative bacteria, the drug's mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug. Material and Methods: Search of the PubMed database using the following keywords: cefiderocol, resistance, gram negative bacteria. Only full-length articles were taken into consideration. Results: The studies show that cefiderocol is active against Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa, B. cepacia and A. baumannii and effective in the treatment of pneumonia in both non-ventilated and ventilated patients. Moreover, it has been used in the treatment of sepsis as a rescue therapy. Conclusion: Cefiderocol is an effective treatment for infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. However, more research is needed to learn more about the use of this drug, side effects and resistance mechanisms