ВЛИЯНИЕ ЭПИДУРАЛЬНОЙ АНЕСТЕЗИИ БУПИВАКАИНОМ В ИНДУЦИРОВАННЫХ РОДАХ НА СОКРАТИТЕЛЬНУЮ АКТИВНОСТЬ МАТКИ И ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ПЛОДОВ САМКИ КРОЛИКА

Background: The influence of bupivacaine (0,5% — 1 ml) epidural anesthesia (EA) on 15 pregnant rabbit females induced in labor by oxytocin on the 30th day of pregnancy in chronic experiment was conducted. Materials and methods: 26 pregnant rabbit females took part in the investigation. 11 females were included in the control group and 15 — to the main group. Both groups retrospectively were divided in two on the fact of the delivery during the experiment. For each 5-minute interval the contractile activity of the myometrium (number of uterine contractions, duration and amplitude of the one uterine contraction), functional state of fetuses and female (ECG) were evaluated Registration of the parameters was carried out simultaneously with the help of electrodes which were administrated in the myometrium, to the fetuses and females on the 28th day of pregnancy. Results: It was shown that EA influence on the myometrium contractile activity and functional state of fetuses and female depends on the female delivery readiness. Conclusion: In the case of the optimal one short-term increase of the contractile activity (on the 15th minute after EA) with no significant fetal heart rate changes were observed. In the case of its absence no significant influence was revealed. Moderate female tachycardia in both groups under EA was registered more pronounced in delivery one group.Цель исследования: в хронических опытах сопоставить параметры сократительной активности матки у самок, ЭКГ у плодов и самоккролика, получавших и не получавших эпидуральную анестезию (ЭА), в индуцированных окситоцином родах при различной степени их биологической готовности к процессу. Материалы и методы: исследование проведено в хроническом опыте на 30-й день беременности на 15 беременных самках кролика контрольной и 11 самках подопытной группы. По результатам индукции родов все самки ретроспективно были разделены на группы вступивших и не вступивших в роды. Изучали влияние ЭА бупивакаином (0,5% – 1 мл) на сократительную активность матки самок, функциональное состояние самок и их плодов в индуцированных окситоцином родах при различной степени биологической готовности животных к родам. Сократительную активность миометрия оценивали по числу маточных сокращений, продолжительности и амплитуде одного маточного сокращения за каждый пятиминутный интервал. Функциональное состояние плодов и самки оценивали по изменению частоты их сердечных сокращений. Регистрацию исследуемых параметров осуществляли с помощью электродов, которые вводили в миометрий матки, в мышцы межлопаточной области плодов на 28-й день беременности. Результаты: показано, что при оптимальной готовности самок к родам после проведения ЭА отмечалось кратковременное (на 15-й мин) увеличение маточной активности, значимо не влияющее на сердечный ритм плодов. Выводы: у самок, не имевших биологической готовности к родам, проведение ЭА значимого влияния на сократительную активность матки и функциональное состояние плодов не оказывало. У вступивших в роды самок зарегистрировано более продолжительное учащение сердцебиения, чем у не вступивших в роды животных

The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes

Analysis of 273 ancient horse genomes reveals that modern domestic horses originated in the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region.Domestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare(1). However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling(2-4) at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 bc(3). Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia(5) and Anatolia(6), have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic, geographic and temporal origins of modern domestic horses have remained unknown. Here we pinpoint the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region, as the homeland of modern domestic horses. Furthermore, we map the population changes accompanying domestication from 273 ancient horse genomes. This reveals that modern domestic horses ultimately replaced almost all other local populations as they expanded rapidly across Eurasia from about 2000 bc, synchronously with equestrian material culture, including Sintashta spoke-wheeled chariots. We find that equestrianism involved strong selection for critical locomotor and behavioural adaptations at the GSDMC and ZFPM1 genes. Our results reject the commonly held association(7) between horseback riding and the massive expansion of Yamnaya steppe pastoralists into Europe around 3000 bc(8,9) driving the spread of Indo-European languages(10). This contrasts with the scenario in Asia where Indo-Iranian languages, chariots and horses spread together, following the early second millennium bc Sintashta culture(11,12).Descriptive and Comparative Linguistic

The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes

Domestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare. However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 bc. Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia and Anatolia, have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic, geographic and temporal origins of modern domestic horses have remained unknown. Here we pinpoint the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region, as the homeland of modern domestic horses. Furthermore, we map the population changes accompanying domestication from 273 ancient horse genomes. This reveals that modern domestic horses ultimately replaced almost all other local populations as they expanded rapidly across Eurasia from about 2000 bc, synchronously with equestrian material culture, including Sintashta spoke-wheeled chariots. We find that equestrianism involved strong selection for critical locomotor and behavioural adaptations at the GSDMC and ZFPM1 genes. Our results reject the commonly held association between horseback riding and the massive expansion of Yamnaya steppe pastoralists into Europe around 3000 bc driving the spread of Indo-European languages. This contrasts with the scenario in Asia where Indo-Iranian languages, chariots and horses spread together, following the early second millennium bc Sintashta culture

Repolarization properties of copper-containing crystals of triglycine sulfate

The paper presents the results of the analysis of experimental dielectric hysteresis loops and field dependens of polarization switching of initial and annealed crystals of triglycine sulfate, doped copper (the concentration range (4,2–8,7) 10-3 wt.%). It has been experimentally established that their dielectric hysteresis loops do not have distortions. It has been found that the relative and effective permittivities and switchable polarization increase with increasing impurity concentration in crystals of TGS:Cu2+. The field dependences of the effective permittivity have extrema: before annealing the samples, the maxima of the εeff(E) curves correspond to a field value of about (20-40)∙103 V∙m-1, and for annealed samples these fields have a value of ~(15-30)∙103V∙m–1. Annealing of the samples increases the mobility of domain walls, which promotes the transformation of lenticular nuclei of domains into lamellae