‘RESHIT TSEMICHAT GUEULATÊNU’ – O ESTADO DE ISRAEL COMO O INÍCIO DO PROCESSO DA REDENÇÃO, NA VISÃO DO RABINO AVRAHAM YITZCHAK KOOK E SEU FILHO RABINO TZVI YEHUDA

A criação do Estado de Israel representa uma mudança histórica com implicações geopolíticas, sociais e religiosas. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar este processo e seu significado sob a perspectiva do movimento Sionista religioso. Como este movimento interpreta os fatos históricos? Qual o sentido que o Estado tem? Quais as implicações e desdobramentos desta leitura

Euroopa Finantsstabiilsuse Fondi representatsioon Äripäevas ja Õhtulehes

Representation of the European Financial Stability Facility in Äripäev and Õhtuleht The purpose of this bachelor thesis (Representation of the European Financial Stability Facility in Äripäev and Õhtuleht) is to analyze how have two major Estonian daily newspapers Äripäev and Õhtuleht reflected the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) before 29. September 2011 – the date when Estonian Parliament Riigikogu ratified the draft that made Estonia a member of EFSF. The general purpose of this bachelor thesis is to analyze how well have Äripäev and Õhtuleht .played their roles in developing deliberative democracy through the discussion about EFSF and how well has Estonian media placed in European public sphere. This thesis concentrates on finding out when was this topic most actively talked about, who were the main spokepersons, which opinions dominated in both newspapers and what kind of arguments were used when expressing support or resistance towards the ratification of the EFSF draft. This thesis is trying to find out what kind of public opinion about EFSF was constructed in the opinion articles and news articles based on the opinion of one source. Different source materials and documents have been used as sources for the theoretical and empirical framework of this thesis. J. Bryant´s and Thompson´s “Fundamentals of Media Effects”, D. McQuail´s “Mass Communication Theory”, P. Chilton´s and C. Schäffner´s “Discourse and Politics” and other theoretical works have been used in this thesis. In order to find answers to questions raised all the articles, which were published in the online-editions of Äripäev and Õhtuleht before 21:57 29. September 2011 and that talked about EFSF were considered as part of the general selection. 173 articles that discussed EFSF were published during the selected period. 71 of these articles were opinion articles or news articles based on one source´s opinion. 39 opinion articles that reflect direct support or resistance towards EFSF were taken under closer examination and were more thoroughly analyzed in this thesis. The background information of EFSF and its connection with Estonia are presented in the theoretical and empirical overview chapter. This chapter also explains what is the role of media in a society and talks about the construction and essence of agenda-setting and public opinion. Results of the analysis indicate that 173 articles were published in Äripäev and in Õhtuleht that discussed EFSF during the period until 29. September 2011. The topic was most actively talked about in the one-month-period until 29. September 2011 when 73 articles were published. As it appeared during the analysis, it is possible to bring out spokespersons according to spheres of activity. Politicians wrote the greatest number of opinion articles. They published 49 articles. 18 articles were written by scientists, experts or analytics. Journalists wrote eight articles. All together 22 articles, which is 56% of the total number of articles under examination, expressed support towards EFSF. 17 articles were against EFSF. Integrated content analysis showed that the most popular arguments were represented in recommending modality, reflected economical ot financial reasons and were localized to Estonia. The analysis showed also that the usage of different arguments differed a lot among different social groups (mainly politicians and experts). Also, the supporters and opponents of EFSF tended to use different modalities. Throughout all articles the arguments focused on Estonia dominated arguments with other localities. In the chapter of discussion and conclusions the author presented some possibilities how to develop this work further. One possibility is to enlarge the selection of the articles by adding texts published after 29. September 2011 and other editions like Postimees and Eesti Päevaleht. The other possibility is to interview the editors-in-chief and journalists with the purpose to find out how editorials and opinion articles are written. In conclusion it can be said that Äripäev and Õhtuleht have not done enough to develop deliberative democracy as the supporters and opponents of EFSF tend to use different types of arguments and do not fall into debate too often. It can also be said that these editions do not participate enough in European public sphere as most of the arguments that are used are localized to Estonia.http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2610725~S1*es

Eesti osalemine Euroopa avalikus sfääris eurotsooni abifondide näitel

http://www.ester.ee/record=b4417731~S47*es

Internalisation of cell-penetrating peptides into tobacco protoplasts

AbstractCells are protected from the surrounding environment by plasma membrane which is impenetrable for most hydrophilic molecules. In the last 10 years cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been discovered and developed. CPPs enter mammalian cells and carry cargo molecules over the plasma membrane with a molecular weight several times their own. Known transformation methods for plant cells have relatively low efficiency and require improvement. The possibility to use CPPs as potential delivery vectors for internalisation in plant cells has been studied in the present work. We analyse and compare the uptake of the fluorescein-labeled CPPs, transportan, TP10, penetratin and pVEC in Bowes human melanoma cells and Nicotiana tabacum cultivar (cv.) SR-1 protoplasts (plant cells without cell wall). We study the internalisation efficiency of CPPs with fluorescence microscopy, spectrofluorometry and fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). All methods indicate, for the first time, that these CPPs can internalise into N. tabacum cv. SR-1 protoplasts. Transportan has the highest uptake efficacy among the studied peptides, both in mammalian cells and plant protoplast. The internalisation of CPPs by plant protoplasts may open up a new effective method for transfection in plants

Sleep Quality and Alcohol Risk in College Students: Examining the Moderating Effects of Drinking Motives

Objective Sleep problems and alcohol misuse are common issues experienced by college students that can have detrimental effects on overall health. Previous work indicates a strong relationship between poor sleep quality and alcohol risk in this population. This study explored the moderating effect of drinking motives in the relationship between global sleep quality and experience of alcohol-related negative consequences. Participants College students (N = 1,878) who reported past-month drinking. Methods Participants completed online surveys assessing sleep and alcohol-related behaviors. Results Poorer sleep quality and higher drinking motives (coping, conformity, and enhancement) predicted greater alcohol-related consequences, controlling for drinking. Further, coping motives moderated the relationship between sleep quality and consequences such that participants reporting poor sleep and high coping motives experienced heightened levels of consequences. Conclusions These findings advance the understanding of the relationship between sleep problems and alcohol-related risk and provide implications for targeted campus-based health promotion interventions

Prevalence, Social Contexts, and Risks for Prepartying Among Ethnically Diverse College Students

Prepartying, also known as pre-gaming, has emerged as a high-risk drinking event among U.S. college students. Research on factors related to prepartying behavior is in its relative infancy. The present study provides prevalence rates for prepartying across ethnic groups and examines how social context (whether prepartying took place with primarily male, female, or coed groups) and demographic factors may influence prepartying behavior. Participants were students from two West Coast universities (N = 2,546) whom identified as White, Asian and Pacific Islander American (APIA), Hispanic/Latino(a), or African American. The percentage of students who reported prepartying at least once in the past month, as well as the frequency and number of drinks consumed for prepartying occasions, varied by ethnic group and sex. A greater proportion of White students (60%) reported prepartying than Hispanic/Latino(a) (52%), African American (44%), and APIA (37%) students, though Hispanic/Latino(a) students who prepartied did so as often and consumed similar amounts of alcohol as White prepartiers. Across all ethnic groups, females who reported prepartying in coed groups consumed significantly more drinks than those who prepartied in primarily female groups. Finally, prepartiers within all ethnic groups consumed more drinks per week and experienced a higher number of alcohol-related consequences than non-prepartiers. The results suggest that future research and prevention programs should target prepartying and other high-risk events in at-risk students of ethnically diverse backgrounds and also consider the effects of gender in prepartying contexts on alcohol use