Colorectal cancer - from patogenesis to screening. Colorectal carcinogenesis in ulcerative colitis with primary sclerosing cholangitis and the issue of the screening of the colorectal cancer.

SOUHRN Kolorektální karcinom (KRCA) je ve většině civilizovaných zemí na předním místě mortality a morbidity. Disertační práce je zaměřena na vybrané aspekty patogeneze kolorektálního karcinomu a problematiku jeho screeningu. Cílem první studie bylo zhodnocení exprese slizničních markerů kolorektální karcinogeneze u ulcerózní kolitidy (p53, COX-2, bcl-2). Do studie byli zařazeni nemocní s aktivní ulcerózní kolitidou (UCA), ulcerózní kolitidou v remisi (UCR), primární sklerózující cholangitidou se současnou přítomností UC (PSC-UC), nemocní po transplantaci jater pro PSC (OLT) a kontrolní soubor (N). Zjistili jsme významně zvýšenou expresi p53 v nedysplastické sliznici u PSC- UC ve srovnání s UCA, OLT, UCR a N, což může být známkou vyššího neoplastického potenciálu PSC. Statisticky významná korelace byla zjištěna mezi přítomností PSC a expresí p53. Skupina OLT na rozdíl od PSC-UC překvapivě nevykazovala žádnou expresi p53 v nedysplastické sliznici. Patogeneticky se PSC může podílet na zvýšené expresi p53. Zmíněný nález by mohl podporovat hypotézu založenou na možném patofyziologickém vlivu jater/PSC na p53-indukované kolorektální karcinogenezi. Dále konstatujeme, že námi nalezená korelace exprese COX-2 a p53, stejně jako zvýšená exprese bcl-2 u UCA proti N mohou podporovat vliv zánětu v procesu kolorektální...Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) ranks high in mortality and morbidity in most developed countries. Following theses focus on specific aspects of colorectal carcinoma pathogenesis including the issue of screening. The goal of the first study was assessment of expression of epithelial markers of colorectal carcinogenesis p53, COX-2, bcl-2. The study included patients with active ulcerative colitis (UCA), ulcerative colitis in remission (UCR), primary sclerosing cholangitis with ulcerative colitis (PSC-UC) (PSC), patients after liver transplantation for PSC (OLT) and a control group (N). We found significantly increased expression of tumour suppressor gene p53 in non-dysplastic mucosae in PSC-UC compared with UCA, UCR, OLT, and N, which may indicate higher neoplastic potential of PSC. Statistically significant correlation was found between PSC incidence and p53 expression. Surprisingly, OLT showed no p53 expression in non-dysplastic mucosa compared with PSC-UC. This indicates that PSC may contribute to increased expression of p53 and p53-induced colorectal carcinogenesis. Furthermore, a correlation between expression of p53 and COX-2 together with the increased expression of bcl-2 in UCA compared to N can support the role of inflammation in colorectal carcinogenesis. The goal of the second study was...1. lékařská fakultaFirst Faculty of Medicin

Polydendrocytes Display Large Lineage Plasticity following Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Polydendrocytes (also known as NG2 glial cells) constitute a fourth major glial cell type in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) that is distinct from other cell types. Although much evidence suggests that these cells are multipotent in vitro, their differentiation potential in vivo under physiological or pathophysiological conditions is still controversial

Colorectal cancer - from patogenesis to screening. Colorectal carcinogenesis in ulcerative colitis with primary sclerosing cholangitis and the issue of the screening of the colorectal cancer.

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) ranks high in mortality and morbidity in most developed countries. Following theses focus on specific aspects of colorectal carcinoma pathogenesis including the issue of screening. The goal of the first study was assessment of expression of epithelial markers of colorectal carcinogenesis p53, COX-2, bcl-2. The study included patients with active ulcerative colitis (UCA), ulcerative colitis in remission (UCR), primary sclerosing cholangitis with ulcerative colitis (PSC-UC) (PSC), patients after liver transplantation for PSC (OLT) and a control group (N). We found significantly increased expression of tumour suppressor gene p53 in non-dysplastic mucosae in PSC-UC compared with UCA, UCR, OLT, and N, which may indicate higher neoplastic potential of PSC. Statistically significant correlation was found between PSC incidence and p53 expression. Surprisingly, OLT showed no p53 expression in non-dysplastic mucosa compared with PSC-UC. This indicates that PSC may contribute to increased expression of p53 and p53-induced colorectal carcinogenesis. Furthermore, a correlation between expression of p53 and COX-2 together with the increased expression of bcl-2 in UCA compared to N can support the role of inflammation in colorectal carcinogenesis. The goal of the second study was..