Banking Sector Supervision in Terms of Risk Assets

Import 21/10/2013Abstrakt Název diplomové práce: Dohled nad bankovním sektorem z pohledu rizikovosti aktiv Jméno studenta: Bc. Pavel Raška Diplomová práce je zpracována na téma dohled nad bankovním sektorem z pohledu rizikovosti aktiv. Práce je rozčleněna do čtyř kapitol, které obsahují charakteristiku bankovnictví, bankovní regulaci a dohled, důležitost kapitálové přiměřenosti a úvahy de lege ferenda. Cílem práce je vymezení a porozumění systému bankovní regulace a dohledu. Dílčími cíly diplomové práce jsou analýza kapitálových požadavků jako součást bankovnictví, implementace světových doporučení do unijní a české legislativy a na závěr nastínit žádoucí stav regulace v budoucnosti. První dvě části se zabývají základní charakteristikou bank, bankovního sektoru a jeho regulace a dohledu. Jsou zde objasněny vlastnosti a činnosti bank, struktura bankovnictví a jeho dohled v ČR i na Evropské úrovni. Poté jsou popsány cíle, principy a součásti bankovní regulace a dohledu. Ve třetí části je vysvětlena současně platná dohoda Basel II včetně její implementace do unijních směrnic a českého práva. Basel II je rozdělen na tři pilíře: Kapitálové požadavky, proces dohledu a tržní disciplínu. V poslední kapitole je popsán možný budoucí vývoj bankovní regulace a dohledu v podobě vyšších kapitálových požadavků, bankovní unie uvnitř EU nebo daně z finančních transakcí.Abstract The name of master´s thesis: Banking sector supervision in terms of risk assets Name of Student: Bc. Pavel Raška This thesis deals with the banking supervision in terms of risk assets. It is divided into four chapters, which contain characteristics of banking, banking supervision, the importance of capital adequacy and de lege ferenda. The aim is the definition and understanding of the system of banking regulation and supervision. Partial objectives of the thesis are an analysis of capital requirements as part of the banking sector, implementation of Basel recommendations to the EU and the Czech legislation, and finally outline the desired banking supervision. The first two parts include the basic characteristic of banks, the banking sector and its regulation and supervision. There are explained activities of banks, banking structure and supervision in the Czech Republic and in the European Union. The objectives, principles and components of banking supervision are described at the end. Currently valid Basel II is analyzed in the third part, including its implementation into EU and Czech legislation. Basel II consists of three pillars: capital requirements, supervisory process and market discipline. The last chapter includes the possible future development of banking supervision in the form of higher capital requirements, banking union in the EU area and financial transactions tax.119 - Katedra právavýborn

Revitalization of Paved Areas of the Tram Stop on the Vřesinská Street

Předložená bakalářská práce se zabývá zaměřením skutečného provedení zpevněných ploch tramvajové zastávky na ulici Vřesinská v Ostravě v katastrálním území Poruba. V první části práce popisuji problematiku geodetické části zaměření skutečného provedení stavby společně s problematikou inženýrské geodezie, dále geodetické referenční systémy a použité měřické metody. V druhé části práce představím lokalitu stavby a popíšu praktickou část veškerých přípravných a měřických prací. Závěr práce věnuji popisu zpracování naměřených dat a realizaci účelové mapy v měřítku 1:250.The bachelor thesis deals with the actual implementation of paved areas of the tram stop on Vřesinská street in Ostrava in cadastral area of Poruba. In the first part of the work, I will describe the problematic of the geodetic part of actual implementation of construction and problematic of geodesy engineering. I will also describe geodetic reference systems and surveying methods which were used in the creation of this work. In the second part of the work, I will present the location of the construction and I will describe the practical part of surveying including preparatory work. The conclusion of the thesis is devoted to the description of data processing and implementation of a thematic map in a 1:250 scale.544 - Katedra geodézie a důlního měřictvívýborn

Structure-Dependent Effects of Phthalates on Intercellular and Intracellular Communication in Liver Oval Cells

Humans are exposed to phthalates released from plastics, cosmetics, or food on a daily basis. Phthalates have low acute liver toxicity, but their chronic exposures could induce molecular and cellular effects linked to adverse health outcomes, such as liver tumor promotion or chronic liver diseases. The alternation of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and MAPK-Erk1/2 pathways in liver progenitor or oval cells can disrupt liver tissue homeostatic mechanisms and affect the development and severity of these adverse outcomes. Our study with 20 different phthalates revealed their structurally dependent effects on liver GJIC and MAPK-Erk1/2 signaling in rat liver WB-F344 cell line with characteristics of liver oval cells. The phthalates with a medium-length side chain (3-6 C) were the most potent dysregulators of GJIC and activators of MAPK-Erk1/2. The effects occurred rapidly, suggesting the activation of non-genomic (non-transcriptional) mechanisms directly by the parental compounds. Short-chain phthalates (1-2 C) did not dysregulate GJIC even after longer exposures and did not activate MAPK-Erk1/2. Longer chain (>= 7 C) phthalates, such as DEHP or DINP, moderately activated MAPK-Erk1/2, but inhibited GJIC only after prolonged exposures (>12 h), suggesting that GJIC dysregulation occurs via genomic mechanisms, or (bio)transformation. Overall, medium-chain phthalates rapidly affected the key tissue homeostatic mechanisms in the liver oval cell population via non-genomic pathways, which might contribute to the development of chronic liver toxicity and diseases

Extremity compartment syndrome: A review with a focus on non-invasive methods of diagnosis

The article deals with an overview of acute extremity compartment syndrome with a focus on the option of non-invasive detection of the syndrome. Acute extremity compartment syndrome (ECS) is an urgent complication that occurs most often in fractures or high-energy injuries. There is still no reliable method for detecting ECS. The only objective measurement method used in clinical practice is an invasive measurement of intramuscular pressure (IMP). The purpose of this paper is to summarize the current state of research into non-invasive measurement methods that could allow simple and reliable continuous monitoring of patients at risk of developing ECS. Clinical trials are currently underway to verify the suitability of the most studied method, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), which is a method for measuring the local oxygenation of muscle compartments. Less explored methods include the use of ultrasound, ultrasound elastography, bioimpedance measurements, and quantitative tissue hardness measurements. Finding a suitable method for continuous non-invasive monitoring of the syndrome would greatly improve the quality of care for patients at risk. ECS must be diagnosed quickly and accurately to prevent irreversible tissue damage that can occur within hours of syndrome onset and may even warrant amputation if neglected.Web of Science10art. no. 80158

Managing floodplains using nature‐based solutions to support multiple ecosystem functions and services

Floodplains include unique environments shaped over a long time horizon along rivers and smaller streams and formed by alluvial sediments. As floodplains are flat, often with highly fertile and well-accessible land, they have become the intrinsic focus of human society—while providing a variety of goods and ecosystem services. Intensive land use of floodplains is degrading their natural values and significantly reducing their ecosystem functions and services. A significant part of these key services is related with the ability of floodplains to retain water and nutrients, which can be understood as a flood control and a water-retention function. Although these ecosystems serve a number of other basic functions, the importance of floodplains as a place for water retention during extreme discharges caused by intense rainfall or snowmelt and the supply of water in times of drought are essential under conditions of global change. In order to increase the ability of floodplains to perform these functions, it is increasingly required to preserve the connectivity of rivers with surrounding floodplains and adapt human activities to maintain and restore river ecosystems. This article reviews the recent understanding of floodplain delineation, the most common causes of disturbance, the ecosystem functions being performed, discussing in turn the measures being considered to mitigate the frequency and magnitude of hydrologic extremes resulting from ongoing environmental changes

Electrochemical characterization of leached steel-making sludge

In this work, the electrochemical properties of the leached sludge, magnetite and zinc ferrite were studied. Acetic acid was used as a leaching reagent because, in recent years, there has been a surge of interest in using zinc-containing materials as photocatalysts, with acetic acid finding application in their preparation. Various methodological approaches were used, but the best results were achieved with a combination of 1-3 h leaching in 0.01 M acetic acid with a solid/liquid ratio of 500. In this arrangement, zincite was almost completely removed from the sludge, while zinc ferrite and magnetite remained in the solid residue. Ex situ analyses of the main leaching products were performed by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry. The electrochemical behaviour of solid residue and model systems, that are micromagnetite and zinc ferrite, was studied in alkaline media by means of modified carbon paste electrodes, cyclic voltammetry, and chronocoulometry, with a suitable potential window ranging from 0 to 1.5 V. In summary, a linear dependence of the anodic and cathodic peak height on the square root of the scan rate was found. The position of the anodic and cathodic peaks shifted slightly with scan rate, only at low rates, up to 25 mV/s, the individual peaks coincided. The electrochemical response suggested a quasireversible process.Web of Science121art. no. 1669

Basaltic Dyke with Specific Volcanogenic Structures and its geomorphic evolution: Unique Geoheritage of the Faroe Islands (North Atlantic Ocean)

Volcanic landforms resulting from Cenozoic volcanism represent the most peculiar features of global geodiversity and provide eminent narratives for geoeducation. Among them, however, relict volcanic forms and site-specific landforms in remote areas have received less attention. In this paper, we provide the first description of unique volcanogenic features (hereinafter referred to as pseudo-hieroglyphs) developed on a summit rock wall at the Sandfelli ridge near the village of Gjógv in the N Eysturoy Island (Faroe Islands). The geomorphic evolution of the ridge and rock wall during the Quaternary is described and detailed petrographic analyses of the volcanogenic features are provided. Based on observed petrographical features, we interpret the pseudo-hieroglyphs to probably represent unique examples of chaotic horizontal columnar jointing. Following the geomorphological and petrographic examination of the study site, we analyse current Faroese legislation aiming at nature conservation and use this case to discuss broader implications of geoheritage conservation and geotourism in distant regions.Vulkanická krajina vzniklá kenozoickým vulkanismem představuje nejpodivnější rysy globální geodiversity a poskytuje vynikající příběhy pro geovzdělávání. Méně pozornosti se však dostává reliktním vulkanickým formám a lokálním tvarům reliéfu v odlehlých oblastech. V tomto článku přinášíme první popis unikátních vulkanogenních tvarů (dále jen "pseudo-hieroglyfy"), které se vyvíjely na skalní stěně vrcholu na hřbetě Sandfelli u vesnice Gjógv v severní části ostrova Eysturoy (Faerské ostrovy). Je popsán geomorfologický vývoj hřbetu a skalní stěny během kvartéru a jsou uvedeny podrobné petrografické analýzy vulkanogenních vlastností. Na základě pozorovaných petrografických rysů interpretujeme pseudo-hieroglyfy, které pravděpodobně představují jedinečné příklady chaotické horizontální sloupcovité odlučnosti. Po geomorfologickém a petrografickém studiu zájmové lokality analyzujeme současnou faerskou legislativu zaměřenou na ochranu přírody a užíváme tohoto příkladu k diskusi širších důsledků zachování a geoturistiky geografického dědictví ve vzdálených regionech