Dureza de resinas acrílicas para base de prótese e reembasamento imediato

INTRODUCTION: The hardness of denture base materials may undergo changes due to continued polymerization reaction and water uptake. However, the extent to which these processes affect the hardness of materials is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: In this study, the degree of conversion of two hard chair-side reline resins (Duraliner II-D and Kooliner-K) and one heat-cured acrylic resin (Lucitone 550-L) was evaluated indirectly by measuring the surface hardness. The effect of immersion in water on this property was also analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After processing following the manufacturers' instructions, specimens (5mm diameter and 2mm thickness) were dry stored at room temperature and the Vickers hardness (VHN) was measured with a hardness tester after 0, 2, 7, 30 and 90 days. Specimens were then immersed in water at 37ºC and hardness was evaluated after the same time intervals. Five specimens were prepared for each material. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test (P=.01). RESULTS: When dry stored, material L showed an increase in hardness (P;.01). After 2-day water storage, all materials showed a significant reduction in hardness (PINTRODUÇÃO: A dureza das resinas para base de prótese e para reembasamento imediato pode apresentar alterações devido à polimerização continuada e absorção de água. Entretanto, a magnitude do efeito de cada um desses processos ainda não foi definida. OBJETIVO: Neste estudo, o grau de conversão de duas resinas autopolimerizáveis para reembasamento (Duraliner II-D and Kooliner-K) e de uma resina termopolimerizável para base de prótese (Lucitone 550-L) foi avaliado, indiretamente, por meio da mensuração da dureza. O efeito da imersão em água sobre essa propriedade também foi analisado. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Após a polimerização, amostras (diâmetro - 5 mm; espessura - 2 mm) foram armazenadas a seco em temperatura ambiente e a dureza Vickers (VHN) foi mensurada após 0, 2, 7, 30 e 90 dias. As amostras foram, então, imersas em água a 37º C e a dureza foi avaliada nos períodos citados. Cinco amostras foram preparadas para cada material. Os resultados foram analisados utilizando-se o teste de Kruskal-Wallis (P=.01). RESULTADOS: Para o armazenamento a seco, o material L apresentou aumento significativo na dureza (P;.01). Após 2 dias de armazenamento em água, todos os materiais apresentaram redução significativa na dureza (

Genotoxic effect of photodynamic therapy mediated by curcumin on Candida albicans

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising method for localized and speci c inactivation of fungi and bacteria. A nontoxic light-sensitive compound is taken up by cells, which are then exposed selectively to light, which activates toxicity of the compound. We investigated the potential of sublethal PDT using light-sensitive curcumin (CUR) in combination with blue (455 nm) light to promote reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in the form of singlet oxygen and DNA damage of Candida albicans. Surprisingly, CUR-mediated PDT but also light alone caused signi cantly longer comet tails, an indication of DNA damage of C. albicans when compared with the negative control. The intracellular ROS production was also signi cantly higher for the group treated only with light. However, PDT compared to blue light alone signi cantly slowed DNA repair. Comet tails decreased during 30 min visualized as a 90% reduction in length in the absence of light for cells treated with light alone, while comet tails of cells treated with PDT only diminished in size about 45%. These results indicate that complex mechanisms may result in PDT in a way that should be considered when choosing the photosensitive compound and other aspects of the treatment design.FAPESP grants number 2012/17468–2; UID/AGR/04033/2013info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Efeito de tratamentos térmicos após a polimerização sobre a citotoxicidade de duas resinas acrílicas para base de próteses

INTRODUCTION: Most denture base acrylic resins have polymethylmethacrylate in their composition. Several authors have discussed the polymerization process involved in converting monomer into polymer because adequate polymerization is a crucial factor in optimizing the physical properties and biocompatibility of denture base acrylic resins. To ensure the safety of these materials, in vitro cytotoxicity assays have been developed as preliminary screening tests to evaluate material biocompatibility. ³H-thymidine incorporation test, which measures the number of cells synthesizing DNA, is one of the biological assays suggested for cytotoxicity testing. AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate, using ³H-thymidine incorporation test, the effect of microwave and water-bath post-polymerization heat treatments on the cytotoxicity of two denture base acrylic resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine disc-shaped specimens (10 x 1 mm) of each denture base resin (Lucitone 550 and QC 20) were prepared according to the manufacturers' recommendations and stored in distilled water at 37ºC for 48 h. The specimens were assigned to 3 groups: 1) post-polymerization in a microwave oven for 3 min at 500 W; 2) post-polymerization in water-bath at 55º C for 60 min; and 3) without post-polymerization. For preparation of eluates, 3 discs were placed into a sterile glass vial with 9 mL of Eagle's medium and incubated at 37ºC for 24 h. The cytotoxic effect of the eluates was evaluated by ³H-thymidine incorporation. RESULTS: The results showed that the components leached from the resins were cytotoxic to L929 cells, except for the specimens heat treated in water bath (pINTRODUÇÃO: A maioria das resinas acrílicas utilizadas para confecção de bases de próteses é composta pelo polimetacilato de metila. Muitos autores têm discutido o processo de polimerização dessas resinas em relação à conversão do monômero em polímero devido a sua importância na melhora da biocompatibilidade e das propriedades físicas. Para assegurar a utilização desses materiais, testes preliminares de citotoxicidade in vitro têm sido desenvolvidos para avaliação da biocompatibilidade. Um dos ensaios biológicos sugeridos para a análise da citotoxicidade é o teste de incorporação de ³H-timidina, o qual mede o número de células por meio da síntese de DNA. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar, por meio do teste de incorporação de ³H-timidina, a citotoxicidade de duas resinas acrílicas para base de próteses submetidas aos tratamentos em microondas e em banho de água após a polimerização. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Nove corpos-de-prova em forma de discos (10 x 1 mm) foram confeccionados com as resinas acrílicas Lucitone 550 e QC 20 de acordo com as instruções dos fabricantes, e foram armazenados em água destilada a 37ºC por 48 h. Os corpos-de-prova foram divididos em três grupos: 1) tratamento em forno de microondas por 3 min a 500 W; 2) tratamento em banho de água a 55ºC por 60 min; e 3) sem tratamento térmico. Extratos foram preparados pela colocação de 3 discos em tubos de ensaio estéreis com 9 mL de meio de cultura Eagle e incubação a 37ºC por 24 h. O efeito citotóxico dos extratos foi avaliado utilizando o teste de incorporação de ³H-timidina. RESULTADOS: Os resultados indicaram que os componentes liberados pelas resinas foram citotóxicos para as células L929 exceto para as amostras tratadas em banho de água (

Microbiological control of dental prostheses with photodynamic therapy

As próteses dentarias fixas ou removíveis podem ser utilizadas para readaptação estética e funcional de pacientes que apresentam dentes e tecidos contíguos ausentes. Uma prótese removível, ainda que adequadamente planejada e confeccionada, pode ocasionar alterações na microbiota bucal do paciente que a utiliza, resultando na colonização das superfícies protéticas por microrganismos patogênicos. Quando aderidos aos materiais que compõem as próteses, esses microrganismos podem ocasionar enfermidades locais, como a candidíase bucal, bem como infeções sistémicas nos pacientes com algum comprometimento sistémico. Além disso, existe a possibilidade da ocorr6ncia de contaminação cruzada entre profissionais odontológicos que manipulam as próteses durante o atendimento clinico ou ajustes no laboratório de prótese dentaria. Alguns métodos de desinfeção têm sido sugeridos como forma de prevenir a contaminação cruzada e tratar as infecções relacionadas a utilização de próteses removíveis. No entanto, os problemas associados a utilização de soluções químicas e o desenvolvimento de resistência microbiana as drogas antimicrobianas têm impulsionado a investigação de novos métodos de inativação microbiana e desinfecção de próteses. Diversos estudos desenvolvidos até o presente momento demonstram o potencial da terapia fotodinâmica (TFD) para inativação microbiológica, inclusive de espécies que constituem a microbiota bucal e podem ser encontradas colonizando próteses dentarias. Este artigo e uma revisão da literatura acerca da TFD para inativação microbiana e sua aplicação para controle microbiano em próteses dentarias

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy alone or in combination with antibiotic local administration against biofilms of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) kills several planktonic pathogens. However, the susceptibility of biofilm-derived anaerobic bacteria to aPDT is poorly characterized. Here, we evaluated the effect of Photodithazine (PDZ)-mediated aPDT on Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms. In addition, aPDT was tested with metronidazole (MTZ) to explore the potential antimicrobial effect of the treatment. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of MTZ was defined for each bacterial species. Single-species biofilms of each species were grown on polystyrene plates under anaerobic conditions for five days. aPDT was performed by applying PDZ at concentrations of 50, 75 and 100 mg/L, followed by exposure to 50 J/cm2 LED light (660 nm) with or without MTZ. aPDT exhibited a significant reduction in bacterial viability at a PDZ concentration of 100 mg/L, with 1.12 log10 and 2.66 log10 reductions for F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis in biofilms, respectively. However, the antimicrobial effect against F. nucleatum was achieved only when aPDT was combined with MTZ at 100× MIC. Regarding P. gingivalis, the combination of PDZ-mediated aPDT at 100 mg/L with MTZ 100× MIC resulted in a 5 log10 reduction in the bacterial population. The potential antimicrobial effects of aPDT in combination with MTZ for both single pathogenic biofilms were confirmed by live/dead staining. These results suggest that localized antibiotic administration may be an adjuvant to aPDT to control F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis biofilms

Photodynamic therapy associating Photogem® and blue LED on L929 and MDPC-23 cell culture

To evaluate the cytotoxicity of PDT (photodynamic therapy) with Photogem® associated to blue LED (light-emitting diode) on L929 and MDPC-23 cell cultures, 30000 cells/cm2 were seeded in 24-well plates for 48 h, incubated with Photogem® (10, 25 or 50 mg/l) and irradiated with an LED source (460±3 nm; 22 mW/cm2) at two energy densities (25.5 or 37.5 J/cm2). Cell metabolism was evaluated by the MTT (methyltetrazolium) assay (Dunnet's post hoc tests) and cell morphology by SEM (scanning electron microscopy). Flow cytometry analysed the type of PDT-induced cell death as well and estimated intracellular production of ROS (reactive oxygen species). There was a statistically significant decrease of mitochondrial activity (90% to 97%) for all Photogem® concentrations associated to blue LED, regardless of irradiation time. It was also demonstrated that the mitochondrial activity was not recovered after 12 or 24 h, characterizing irreversible cell damage. PDT-treated cells presented an altered morphology with ill-defined limits. In both cell lines, there was a predominance of necrotic cell death and the presence of Photogem® or irradiation increased the intracellular levels of ROS. PDT caused severe toxic effects in normal cell culture, characterized by the reduction of the mitochondrial activity, morphological alterations and induction of necrotic cell death.FAPESP (07/04376-4

Fungicidal effect of photodynamic therapy against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans and Candida glabrata

Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown great promise for the inactivation of Candida species, its effectiveness against azole-resistant pathogens remains poorly documented. This in vitro study describes the association of Photogem® (Photogem, Moscow, Russia) with LED (light emitting diode) light for the photoinactivation of fluconazole-resistant (FR) and American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strains of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. Suspensions of each Candida strain were treated with five Photogem® concentrations and exposed to four LED light fluences (14, 24, 34 or 50 min of illumination). After incubation (48 h at 37 °C), colonies were counted (CFU ml-1). Single-species biofilms were generated on cellulose membrane filters, treated with 25.0 mg l-1 of Photogem® and illuminated at 37.5 J cm-2. The biofilms were then disrupted and the viable yeast cells present were determined. Planktonic suspensions of FR strains were effectively killed after PDT. It was observed that the fungicidal effect of PDT was strain-dependent. Significant decreases in biofilm viability were observed for three strains of C. albicans and for two strains of C. glabrata. The results of this investigation demonstrated that although PDT was effective against Candida species, fluconazole-resistant strains showed reduced sensitivity to PDT. Moreover, single-species biofilms were less susceptible to PDT than their planktonic counterparts.FAPESP (05/03226-3; 05/02193-4

Susceptibility of Candida albicans to photodynamic therapy in a murine model of oral candidosis

Objective:\ud \ud In vivo studies of antimicrobial PDT in animal models of oral candidosis are scarce and the association of porphyrin and LED light has not been evaluated for in vivo photoinactivation of Candida. In this study the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the inactivation of Candida albicans in vivo was evaluated.\ud Study design:\ud \ud Seventy-one 6-week-old female Swiss mice were immunosuppressed, provided tetracycline to their drinking water, then orally swabbed with a suspension of C. albicans (107 CFU/mL). Four days after oral inoculation, PDT was performed on the dorsum of the tongue after topical administration of Photogem at 400, 500, or 1000 mg/L and followed 30 minutes later by illumination with LED light (305 J/cm2) at 455 or 630 nm (n = 5 each). After swabbing to recover yeast from the tongue, the number of surviving yeast cells was determined (CFU/mL) and analyzed by ANOVA and Holm-Sidak tests (P < .05). Animals were humanely killed, and the tongues surgically removed and processed for histological evaluation of presence of yeast and inflammatory reaction.\ud Results:\ud \ud PDT resulted in a significant reduction in C. albicans recovered from the tongue (P < .001) when compared with mice from the positive control group. There was no difference between the concentrations of Photogem and LED light wavelengths used. Histological evaluation of the tongue revealed that PDT causes no significant adverse effects to the local mucosa.\ud Conclusion:\ud \ud PDT promoted significant reduction in the viability of C. albicans biofilm without harming the tongue tissue.FAPESP (05/02193-4; 05/03226-3)CePOF - CEPI