Prevalência de pediculose em crianças de escola rural em Yucatan, Mexico

We conducted an analytical cross-sectional survey to estimate the prevalence of and factors associated with active head lice infestation. In total 140 children, aged 6 to 16-years, from a public school in rural Yucatan, Mexico, were examined by wet-combing. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on individuals and the conditions in the surrounding environment. Head lice infestation was found in 19 out of the 140 children tested (13.6%) and this was associated with both lower income (OR 9.9, 95% CI 2.15-45.79, p = 0.003) and a higher frequency of hair washing (OR 8, 95% CI 1.58-50, p = 0.012). Intersectoral control programs that take into account the socioeconomic differences of children should be implemented.Foi conduzido um estudo numa escola publica de área rural em Yucatan, Mexico com o objetivo de estimar a prevalência de pediculose e fatores de risco associados. Das 140 crianças incluídas 19 (13.6%) apresentaram pediculose. A infestação de piolho foi associada com baixa renda (OR 9.9, 95% CI 2.15-45.79, p = 0.003) e maior frequência de lavagem de cabelos (OR 8, 95% CI 1.58-50, p = 0.012). Programas intersetoriais de controle da pediculose que levam em conta as características socioeconômicas das crianças deveriam ser executados

Expresión y activación de receptores intracelulares TLR7, TLR8 y TLR9 en monocitos de sangre periférica de pacientes infectados con VIH.

Introduction. TLR´s play a role in host defense in HIV infection recognizing the viral DNA or RNA. Their activation induces a signaling pathway that includes the proteins MyD88, IRAK4, TRAF6 and the transcription factor NF-kBp65. Objective. To determine the expression of TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9, and activation of its signaling pathway in monocytes from patients infected with HIV. Methods. Expression of TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 was determined in monocytes from HIV-infected patients (n = 13) and control subjects (n = 13), which were activated with specific ligands. The expression of MyD88 and NF-kBp65 were determined by flow cytometry; IRAK4 and TRAF6 were studied by immunoblotting. Results. No statistical difference was found in the expression of TLR7, 8 and 9 in monocytes from patients compared to controls, but we observed the non-significant increased expression of TLR9 in patients. The activation showed no significant difference in the expression of MyD88 and NF-kBp65 in patients when compared to controls, but were decreased in stimulated cells over non-stimulated cells. IRAK4 and TRAF6 were not detected. Conclusions. No statistical difference was observed in the expression of intracellular TLRs, MyD88 and NFkBp65 in monocytes from patients compared to controls. This was probably due to effective antiretroviral therapy being received at the time of study entry. Additional studies are needed (ARTV) under controlled conditions that include infected patients with and without ARVT, responders and non- responders, and work with different cell populations.Introducción. En la infección por VIH los TLR juegan un papel en la defensa del huésped al reconocer el ADN o ARN viral. Su activación induce la vía de señalización que incluye las proteínas MyD88, IRAK4, TRAF6 y el factor de transcripción NF-kBp65. Objetivo. Determinar la expresión del TLR7, TLR8 y TLR9, y activación de su vía de señalización en monocitos de pacientes infectados con VIH. Métodos. Se determinó la expresión de TLR7, TLR8 y TLR9 en monocitos de pacientes infectados con VIH (n =13) y sujetos control (n =13), se activaron con ligandos específicos y se determinó la expresión de MyD88 y NF-kBp65 por citometría de flujo. IRAK4 y TRAF6 fueron estudiadas por inmunoelectrotransferencia. Resultados. No se observó diferencia estadística en la expresión de TLR7, 8 y 9 en los monocitos de pacientes con respecto a los controles, pero observamos aumento no significante del TLR9 en los pacientes. La activación no mostró diferencia significativa en la expresión de MyD88 y NF-kBp65 en pacientes con respecto a los controles, pero se encontraron disminuidas en células estimuladas con respecto a las no estimuladas. IRAK4 y TRAF6 no se detectaron. Conclusiones. No se observó diferencia en la expresión de los TLR, ni en la expresión de MyD88 y NFkBp65, en monocitos de pacientes con respecto a los controles probablemente debido a la terapia antirretroviral recibida al momento del estudio. Se sugieren estudios con pacientes con y sin TARV, respondedores y no respondedores, y trabajar con diferentes poblaciones celulares

Prevalence of pediculosis capitis in children from a rural school in Yucatan, Mexico

We conducted an analytical cross-sectional survey to estimate the prevalence of and factors associated with active head lice infestation. In total 140 children, aged 6 to 16-years, from a public school in rural Yucatan, Mexico, were examined by wet-combing. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on individuals and the conditions in the surrounding environment. Head lice infestation was found in 19 out of the 140 children tested (13.6%) and this was associated with both lower income (OR 9.9, 95% CI 2.15-45.79, p = 0.003) and a higher frequency of hair washing (OR 8, 95% CI 1.58-50, p = 0.012). Intersectoral control programs that take into account the socioeconomic differences of children should be implemented