CHANGES IN MANAGEMENT AS AN INSTRUMENT OF EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION

In this study, based on the fact that training is an important component of the educational sector both for undergraduate and graduate students, the necessity of knowledge concept as a process of change is imposed.This argument is based on the models which serves as the centre of the change: professional skills of the trainer – the axes of V. Hall, N. Cromey-Hawke and D. Oldroyd: time, content, meetings; Kurt Lewin's model are in two dimensions: knowledge of self, lack of sufficient knowledge of self and self-concern, lack of self-absorption; but the underlying methodology entails the development and organization of training programmes in order to stimulate the learner to adapt to new existential contexts.In conclusion, we noted that the support of the learner's motivation to continue the auto-training process is closely linked to the trainee’s ability to identify the most appropriate methods required as the conditions for training.Thus, at the same time, they continued to examine the cycle of M. Pedler, J. G. Burgoyne and T. Boydell. Hence, the advantages and disadvantages of the various types of training included in the training programmes as methods, and a number of conditions which followed, lead to an increase in the efficiency of the formation and the development of mutual trust between the trainers and the trainee

Does a Single Exposure to General Anesthesia Have a Cumulative Effect on the Developing Brain after Mild Perinatal Asphyxia?

Background: General anesthesia (GA) in pediatric patients represents a clinical routine. Factors such as increased birth age and maternal chronic conditions cause more infants to experience hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, an additional risk for anesthesia. Aim: This study evaluates the effect of one sevoflurane-induced GA episode on the immature brain previously exposed to perinatal asphyxia (PA). Methods: Postnatal day 6 (PND6) Wistar rats were exposed to a 90-min episode of normoxia/PA and at PND15 to a 120-min episode of normoxia/GA. Four groups were analyzed: Control (C), PA, GA, and PA-GA. Post-exposures, fifteen pups/group were sacrificed and the hippocampi were isolated to assess S-100B and IL-1B protein levels, using ELISA. At maturity, the behavior was assessed by: forced swimming test (FST), and novel object recognition test. Results: Hippocampal S-100B level was increased in PA, GA, and PA-GA groups, while IL-1B was increased in PA, but decreased in PA-GA. The immobility time was increased in PA and PA-GA, in FST. Conclusions: Both PA and GA contribute to glial activation, however with no cumulative effect. Moreover, PA reduces the rats’ mobility, irrespective of GA exposure, while memory evaluated by the novel object recognition test was not influenced