Postshutdown cooling requirements of tungsten water-moderated nuclear rocket

Postshutdown cooling requirements of tungsten water moderated nuclear rocket engine

Premise Selection and External Provers for HOL4

Learning-assisted automated reasoning has recently gained popularity among the users of Isabelle/HOL, HOL Light, and Mizar. In this paper, we present an add-on to the HOL4 proof assistant and an adaptation of the HOLyHammer system that provides machine learning-based premise selection and automated reasoning also for HOL4. We efficiently record the HOL4 dependencies and extract features from the theorem statements, which form a basis for premise selection. HOLyHammer transforms the HOL4 statements in the various TPTP-ATP proof formats, which are then processed by the ATPs. We discuss the different evaluation settings: ATPs, accessible lemmas, and premise numbers. We measure the performance of HOLyHammer on the HOL4 standard library. The results are combined accordingly and compared with the HOL Light experiments, showing a comparably high quality of predictions. The system directly benefits HOL4 users by automatically finding proofs dependencies that can be reconstructed by Metis

Comparison of Male and Female Rib Sternal Ends and the Effects of Aging using Elliptical Fourier Analysis

Sex and age make up two of the main tenets of the biological profile. Most anthropologists would argue that sex is one of the most important aspects of the profile. When creating a biological profile, the first step is to estimate sex of the individual because this can affect age estimation using the os coxa or estimations of stature. Past studies have noted that even though ribs carry out the same function in males and females there are morphological differences that can affect age estimation using the ribs. This study uses Elliptical Fourier analysis to compare differences in overall shape of the male and female sternal rib end. It also explores how the shape of the sternal end of the rib is affected by skeletal aging processes. As other studies have noted the rate and pattern of costal cartilage ossification seem to exhibit trends based on sex and age of the individuals. For this reason, the amount or rate of ossification and ossification patterning were also explored. The results showed that for all features analyzed, age and sex were found to be key influencers with varying degrees. In the case of costal cartilage ossification this study found that rate of ossification was based more on age while sex was more of an influence for differences in ossification patterning on the sternal end of the rib. Further analysis also revealed that the degree that sex or age influenced the shape of the sternal was dependent on which rib was used, e.g., rib 1 or rib 5

Influence of Sodium Chloride, Calcium, Moisture, and pH on the Structure and Functionality of Nonfat Directly Acidified Mozzarella Cheese

Experiment A explored the influence of sodium on direct acid, nonfat Mozzarella cheese. Cheeses with differing salt levels were obtained by varying dry salt applications (none, 0.5%, and 1.0% NaCl w/w) and hot brine stretching (0%, 5%, and 10% NaCl wt/v). Salt application and salt content influenced cheese moisture, meltability, expressible serum, micro- and ultra-structure, and color. Moisture was highest when cheese was salted before stretching (P = 0.03) . Melt was lowest in cheeses that were unsalted (P = 0.05). Cheeses stretched in salt brine had \u3c 1% of the amount of expressible serum found in unsalted cheese (P \u3c 0.0001). Unsalted cheeses had a more open structure with pockets of serum distributed throughout the protein matrix giving it an opaque, white appearance. Salted cheeses had a more homogeneous protein matrix lacking light scattering surfaces, resulting in a translucent cheese. Neither salt concentration nor method of salting affected the calcium content of the cheeses (P \u3e 0.05). Experiment B explored the influence of calcium, moisture, and pH on cheese structure and functionality. Cheeses were manufactured using combinations of citric and acetic acids. Addition of EDTA to the whey during cooking, CaCl2 fortification, and extended drain times were used to produce eight cheeses in a 23 factorial design with target pH levels of 5.8 and 5.3, 70% and 66% moisture, and 0.6% and 0.3% calcium levels. EDTA was unsuccessful in removing calcium from pH 5.8 cheese. Adding CaCh successfully increased the calcium level of pH 5.3 cheese. Cheese with 0.3% calcium had greatest melt, decreased hardness and increased adhesiveness. Cheese with 0.6% calcium had decreased melt and adhesiveness, and increased hardness. When calcium content was held at 0.6% there was no significant difference in melting even when pH was varied from pH 5.8 to pH 5.3 . The microstructure of the 0.6% calcium cheeses had an increase in protein folds and serum pockets. Low calcium cheeses had a very homogeneous structure. Directly acidified nonfat Mozzarella cheese manufactured with 1.0% dry salt and hot water stretching produced the best cheese. This cheese contained 0.4% salt, 0.4% calcium, no expressible serum, and good meltability

The Abortion of Essential Organs in the Imperfect Flowers of Benzoin Aestivale

There have been a number of investigations dealing with the abortion of essential organs in the imperfect flowers. Ulvin submitted a paper on Abortive Stamens and Carpels in Lychnis alba, Simon described stamen and carpel abortion in Cucumis stativus, Schaffner was able to control sex expression in Arisamea triphyllum and secure sex reversal in Cannabis stiva, Bessey determined the relationship of sex to the age of pollen in Cannabis sativa

Life events and social services that have contributed to the vocational development of female offenders in community based programs

Plan BResearch has indicated there has been a substantial increase in the number of female offenders in the United States. Since many female offenders are first time offenders or non-violent offenders, research has indicated that they may be prime candidates for living in community based programs while they transition from the prison system to the community. The efficacy of community based programs is currently being researched. For this population, vocational development and opportunity have been identified as critical variables for successful transition into the community (Austin, Bloom & Donahue, 1992). This study provides a qualitative analysis of life events and social services that have contributed to the vocational development of female offenders in community based programs. Seven female offenders housed in a community based program were interviewed for this study