Deficiências minerais de bovinos na sub-região dos Paiaguás, no Pantanal Mato-grossense. I. Cálcio, fósforo e magnésio

This experiment was carried out in order to survey soil defficiency on calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg), either in forage or in animal tissues, during four different periods of the year, in the region of Paiaguás, lowlands of Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Calcium present in the soil, indifferent on geomorphic units and forage species, ranged through the year from 0.057 to 0.170 meq/100 g of soil, 0.13% to 0.24% in forages, 33.67% to 36.88% in bone P, ranged from 1.6 ppm to 5.16 ppm, in the soil 0.07% to 0.15% forages, 2.59 to 4.38 mg/100 ml in blood serum; 14.12% to 16.64% in bone. Mg ranged from 0.032 to 0.055 meq/100 g in soil, 0.07% to 0.12% in forages, 1.35 to 2.86 mg/100 ml in blood serum and 0.42% to 0.55% in bone. Mineral concentration observed in the soils, forages, bone and blood tissues determined shortages of phosphorus in the animals during four periods, calcium during one period and magnesium during three periods.Realizou-se um levantamento das deficiências de cálcio (Ca), fósforo (P) e magnésio (Mg) no solo, nas forrageiras e tecidos animais, em quatro épocas do ano, na sub-região dos Paiaguás, no Pantanal Mato-grossense. O Ca no solo, independentemente de unidade geomórfica e espécies forrageiras, variou durante o ano de 0,057 a 0,170 meq/100 g de solo, nas forrageiras de 0,13% a 0,24%, no osso 33,67% a 36,88%, P no solo de 1,6 ppm a 5,16 ppm, nas forrageiras de 0,07% a 0,15%, no soro sanguíneo de 2,59 a 4,38 mg/100 ml de soro, no osso de 14,12% a 16,64%; Mg no solo de 0,032 a 0,055 meq/100 g de solo nas forrageiras de 0,07% a 0,12%, no soro sanguíneo de 1,35 a 2,86 mg/100 ml de soro e no osso de 0,42% a 0,55%. As concentrações de minerais verificadas nos solos, forrageiras e nos tecidos animais determinaram com que os animais apresentassem deficiência de P nas quatro épocas estudadas, Ca em uma época e Mg em três épocas

Data security and trading framework for smart grids in neighborhood area networks

Due to the drastic increase of electricity prosumers, i.e., energy consumers that are also producers, smart grids have become a key solution for electricity infrastructure. In smart grids, one of the most crucial requirements is the privacy of the final users. The vast majority of the literature addresses the privacy issue by providing ways of hiding user’s electricity consumption. However, open issues in the literature related to the privacy of the electricity producers still remain. In this paper, we propose a framework that preserves the secrecy of prosumers’ identities and provides protection against the traffic analysis attack in a competitive market for energy trade in a Neighborhood Area Network (NAN). In addition, the amount of bidders and of successful bids are hidden from malicious attackers by our framework. Due to the need for small data throughput for the bidders, the communication links of our framework are based on a proprietary communication system. Still, in terms of data security, we adopt the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 128bit with Exclusive-OR (XOR) keys due to their reduced computational complexity, allowing fast processing. Our framework outperforms the state-of-the-art solutions in terms of privacy protection and trading flexibility in a prosumer-to-prosumer design

Cattle reproductive performance in the Paiaguás subregion of the Brazilian Pantanal. III. Effect of mineral supplementation on cow's reproductive and weight variables

Avaliou-se o efeito da suplementação de sal comum (SC), SC + fosfato bicálcico (SP) e SP + enxofre + Co, Cu, I e Zn (SPM) sobre o intervalo entre partos (IP), peso ao parto (PP), peso à desmama (PD) e peso à concepção (PC) de vacas de cria azebuadas, na sub-região dos Paiaguás. O experimento, um fatorial 3 x 3, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, foi iniciado em julho/79, com 300 vacas em 990 ha de pastagem nativa, e foi concluído em maio/84. A análise de variância evidenciou efeito significativo (P < 0,05) da suplementação com SP e SPM sobre PP, PD e PC, mas não sobre IP. Não houve diferenças entre SP e SPM. O consumo médio de P nos tratamentos SP e SPM foi de c. 7 g/UA/dia. Concluiu-se que a resposta ao fosfato bicálcico, em termos de desempenho reprodutivo, foi limitada por deficiências de nitrogênio e/ou estacionalidade das pastagens. The effects of supplementation of common salt (CS), CS + dicalcium phosphate (SP) and SP + sulphur + Co, Cu, I and Zn (SPM) on the calving interval (CI), calving weight (CaW), weaning weight (WW) and conception weight (CcW) of zebu cows were studied in native pastures of the Paiaguás subregion in the Pantanal Mato-grossense, Brazil. The experiment, a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement, in a completely randomized design, was iniciated in July, 79, with 300 cows on 990 ha of native pastures, and was concluded on May 84. The analysis of variance showed significative (P < 0.05) effects of suplementation with SP and SPM on CaW, WW and CcW, but not on CI. There were no differences between SP and SPM. Phosphorus average intake in treatments SP and SPM was of 7 g/AU/day. It was concluded that the cows' reproductive performance response to dicalcium phosphate was limited by nitrogen deficiencies and/or pasture seasonality.

Prototype of an affordable pressure-controlled emergency mechanical ventilator for COVID-19

We present a viable prototype of a simple mechanical ventilator intended as a last resort to ventilate COVID-19 patients. The prototype implements the pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation mode (PC-CMV) with settable breathing rates, inspiration/expiration time ratios and FiO2 modulation. Although safe, the design aims to minimize the use of technical components and those used are common in industry, so its construction may be possible in times of logistical shortage or disruption or in areas with reduced access to technical materials and at a moderate cost, affordable to lower income countries. Most of the device can be manufactured by modest technical means and construction plans are provided.Comment: This version differs from version 2 in that it includes toxicological and bio-safety tests and updated electronic

On the correlation between electronic intramolecular delocalization and Au-S bonding strength of ruthenium tetraammine SAMs

Trans-[Ru(L)(NH3)4(L’)](PF6)n type complexes, where L = 4-cyanopyridine (CNpy), NCS-, CN-, and L’ = CNpy, 1,4-dithiane (1,4-dt), 4-mercaptopyridine (pyS) and thionicotinamide (tna), were synthesized and characterized. SAMs on gold of the complexes containing sulfur were studied by reductive desorption and SERS spectroscopy. Depending on the nature of L’, the withdrawing capability of the CNpy ligand is strong enough to partially oxidize the ruthenium atom and, as a consequence, delocalize the s electronic density from the trans located ligand. The reductive desorption results showed that the stability of the SAMs is directly related to this effect