3,678 research outputs found
Reinforcement and inference in cross-situational word learning
Cross-situational word learning is based on the notion that a learner can
determine the referent of a word by finding something in common across many
observed uses of that word. Here we propose an adaptive learning algorithm that
contains a parameter that controls the strength of the reinforcement applied to
associations between concurrent words and referents, and a parameter that
regulates inference, which includes built-in biases, such as mutual
exclusivity, and information of past learning events. By adjusting these
parameters so that the model predictions agree with data from representative
experiments on cross-situational word learning, we were able to explain the
learning strategies adopted by the participants of those experiments in terms
of a trade-off between reinforcement and inference. These strategies can vary
wildly depending on the conditions of the experiments. For instance, for fast
mapping experiments (i.e., the correct referent could, in principle, be
inferred in a single observation) inference is prevalent, whereas for
segregated contextual diversity experiments (i.e., the referents are separated
in groups and are exhibited with members of their groups only) reinforcement is
predominant. Other experiments are explained with more balanced doses of
reinforcement and inference
Cosmology with a Continuous Tower of Scalar Fields
We study the cosmological evolution for a universe in the presence of a
continuous tower of massive scalar fields which can drive the current phase of
accelerated expansion of the universe and, in addition, can contribute as a
dark matter component. The tower consists of a continuous set of massive scalar
fields with a gaussian mass distribution. We show that, in a certain region of
the parameter space, the {\it heavy} modes of the tower (those with masses much
larger than the Hubble expansion rate) dominate at early times and make the
tower behave like the usual single scalar field whose coherent oscillations
around the minimum of the potential give a matter-like contribution. On the
other hand, at late times, the {\it light} modes (those with masses much
smaller than the Hubble expansion rate) overcome the energy density of the
tower and they behave like a perfect fluid with equation of state ranging from
0 to -1, depending on the spectral index of the initial spectrum. This is a
distinctive feature of the tower with respect to the case of quintessence
fields, since a massive scalar field can only give acceleration with equation
of state close to -1. Such unique property is the result of a synergy effect
between the different mass modes. Interestingly, we find that, for some choices
of the spectral index, the tower tracks the matter component at high redshifts
(or it can even play the role of the dark matter) and eventually becomes the
dominant component of the universe and give rise to an accelerated expansion.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures. V2: minor changes to match published versio
Generation of field mediated three qubit entangled state shared by Alice and Bob
A scheme to generate shared tripartite entangled states, with two-trapped
atoms in a cavity held by Alice (qubits A1 and A2) entangled to a single
trapped atom in a remote lab owned by Bob (B), is proposed. The entanglement is
generated through interaction of trapped atoms with two mode squeezed light
shared by the two cavities. The proposed scheme is an extension of the proposal
of ref. [W. Son, M. S. Kim, J. Lee, and D. Ahn, J. Mod. Opt. 49, 1739 (2002)],
where the possibility of entangling two remote qubits using a bipartite
continuous variable state was examined. While the global negativity detects the
free entanglement of the three atom mixed state, the bound entanglement is
detected by the negativity calculated from pure state decomposition of the
state operator. The partial negativities calculated by selective partial
transposition of the three atom mixed state detect the pairwise entanglement of
qubit pairs A1B, A2B, and A1A2. The entanglement of three atoms is found to be
W-like, no GHZ like quantum correlations being generated.Comment: 14 pages, 06 figures, section IV revised, Other minor changes to
improve readabilit
Angular and polarization analysis for two-photon decay of 2s hyperfine states of hydrogenlike Uranium
The amplitude of two-photon transitions between hyperfine states in
hydrogenlike ions is derived based on relativistic Dirac equation and second
order perturbation theory. We study angular and linear polarization properties
of the photon pair emitted in the decay of states, where spin-flip and
non-spin-flip transitions are highlighted. We pay particular attention to
hydrogenlike uranium, since it is an ideal candidate for investigating
relativistic and high-multipole effects, such as spin-flip transitions. Two
types of emission patterns are identified: i) non-spin-flip transitions are
found to be characterized by an angular distribution of the type
while the polarizations of the emitted photons
are parallel; ii) spin-flip transitions have somewhat smaller decay rates and
are found to be characterized by an angular distribution of the type
while the polarizations of the emitted photons
are orthogonal, where is the angle between photons directions.
Deviations due to non-dipole and relativistic contributions are evaluated for
both types of transitions. This work is the first step toward exploring the
effect of nucleus over the the angular and polarization properties of the
photon pairs emitted by two-photon transitions.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures,will be published in Phys. Rev. A (2014). arXiv
admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1203.660
Spin effects probed by Rayleigh X-ray scattering off hydrogenic ions
We study the polarization characteristics of x-ray photons scattered by
hydrogenic atoms, based on the Dirac equation and second-order perturbation
theory. The relativistic states used in calculations are obtained using the
finite basis set method and expressed in terms of B-splines and B-polynomials.
We derive general analytical expressions for the polarization-dependent total
cross sections, which are applicable to any atom and ion, and evaluate them
separately for linear and circular polarization of photons. In particular,
detailed calculations are performed for the integrated Stokes parameters of the
scattered light for hydrogen as well as hydrogenlike neon and argon. Analyzing
such integrated Stokes parameters, special attention is given to the
electron-photon spin-spin interaction, which mostly stems from the
magnetic-dipole contribution of the electron-photon interaction. Subsequently,
we find an energy window for the selected targets in which such spin-spin
interactions can be probed.Comment: 8 pages,ures 4 fig, To be appeared in Radiat. Phys. Chem. arXiv admin
note: text overlap with arXiv:1208.308
Collaborative method to maintain business process models updated
Business process models are often forgotten after their creation and its representation is not usually updated. This appears to be negative as processes evolve over time. This paper discusses the issue of business process models maintenance through the definition of a collaborative method that creates interaction contexts enabling business actors to discuss about business processes, sharing business knowledge. The collaboration method extends the discussion about existing process representations to all stakeholders promoting their update. This collaborative method contributes to improve business process models, allowing updates based in change proposals and discussions, using a groupware tool that was developed. Four case studies were developed in real organizational environment. We came to the conclusion that the defined method and the developed tool can help organizations to maintain a business process model updated based on the inputs and consequent discussions taken by the organizational actors who participate in the processes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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