AN ASSESSMENT of CARBON and FLUOROCARBON IMPLANTS AS SOFT-TISSUE SPACE FILLERS in RATS

The physical properties of carbon and fluorocarbon implants and surrounding tissue were assessed and compared over 1 year in rats. the inflammatory and reparative phases were separated and physical properties were tested both before and after incorporation by surrounding tissue. Although both implant materials demonstrated a marked inflammatory response, less peripheral fibrosis was seen around the carbon implant than the fluorocarbon implant; the carbon implant was also more homogeneously penetrated by host tissues. the physical tests showed fluorocarbon to be a more rigid substance than carbon with carbon more closely resembling the characteristics of rat soft tissue.ESCOLA PAULISTA MED,DIV PLAST MED,São Paulo,SP,BRAZILESCOLA PAULISTA MED,DIV OPERAT TECHNIQUE & EXPTL SURG,São Paulo,SP,BRAZILUNIV São Paulo,FAC MED,EXPTL ENVIRONM POLLUT LAB,São Paulo,BRAZILESCOLA PAULISTA MED,DIV PLAST MED,São Paulo,SP,BRAZILESCOLA PAULISTA MED,DIV OPERAT TECHNIQUE & EXPTL SURG,São Paulo,SP,BRAZILWeb of Scienc

In situ monitoring of mutagenicity of air pollutants in São Paulo City using Tradescantia-SHM bioassay

The Tradescantia stamen hair mutation assay (Trad-SHM) was employed for assessing the environmental mutagenesis in two areas of São Paulo City. The study sites were defined as follows: 1) Celso Garcia Avenue, an industrial area on the outskirts of the urban center (Belém neighborhood), with an average daily traffic volume of 8,750 vehicles; 2) Doutor Arnaldo Avenue, in downtown area (Pinheiros neighborhood), with a mostly residential and business offices occupation, with an average daily traffic volume of 46,125 vehicles. The negative control (background) site is located in the city of Jaguariúna, 138 km from São Paulo, in an area of low atmospheric pollution. The mutation frequency observed for Belém was similar to the background for clone 4430, whereas plants exposed in Pinheiros showed significant increases in mutation rate. Positive correlation was observed between mutation frequency and the levels of particulate matter in the atmosphere. This indicated a relationship between mutation frequency and the amount of atmospheric pollution present at the exposure sites in São Paulo City, with special reference to vehicular emissions

In situ monitoring of mutagenicity of air pollutants in São Paulo City using Tradescantia-SHM bioassay

The Tradescantia stamen hair mutation assay (Trad-SHM) was employed for assessing the environmental mutagenesis in two areas of São Paulo City. The study sites were defined as follows: 1) Celso Garcia Avenue, an industrial area on the outskirts of the urban center (Belém neighborhood), with an average daily traffic volume of 8,750 vehicles; 2) Doutor Arnaldo Avenue, in downtown area (Pinheiros neighborhood), with a mostly residential and business offices occupation, with an average daily traffic volume of 46,125 vehicles. The negative control (background) site is located in the city of Jaguariúna, 138 km from São Paulo, in an area of low atmospheric pollution. The mutation frequency observed for Belém was similar to the background for clone 4430, whereas plants exposed in Pinheiros showed significant increases in mutation rate. Positive correlation was observed between mutation frequency and the levels of particulate matter in the atmosphere. This indicated a relationship between mutation frequency and the amount of atmospheric pollution present at the exposure sites in São Paulo City, with special reference to vehicular emissions

Análise do monitoramento da qualidade do ar no Brasil

Este artigo descreve as condições atuais da rede de monitoramento de qualidade do ar no Brasil. Os resultados revelam que apenas dez estados e o DF realizam o monitoramento através de 371 estações ativas - 80% delas na Região Sudeste. Outras informações relevantes são: (i) 41,2% das estações nacionais são privadas; no estado do Rio de Janeiro elas representam 60% do total de suas estações, enquanto no estado de São Paulo, 100% das estações são públicas; (ii) o MP10 é o poluente mais monitorado em 62,8% das estações e o MP2,5 em apenas 25,9% delas; e, (iii) a comunicação dos dados de monitoramento em tempo real à população ocorre em cinco estados. Após trinta anos de sua criação, a Rede Nacional de Qualidade do Ar encontra-se incompleta, e insuficientemente implantada, inviabilizando uma adequada gestão da qualidade do ar pelos órgãos ambientais.This article describes the current conditions of the air quality monitoring network in Brazil. The results reveal that only ten states and the Federal District carry out the monitoring through 371 active stations - 80% in the Southeast region. Other relevant information include: (i) 41.2% of the national stations are private - in the state of Rio de Janeiro they represent 60% of the its total of stations, while in the state of São Paulo, 100% of the stations are public; (ii) MP10 is the most monitored pollutant in 62.8% of stations and MP2.5 in only 25.9% of them; and, (iii) the communication of monitoring data in real time to the population occurs in five states. Thirty years after its creation, the National Air Quality Network, is incomplete and insufficiently implemented, preventing adequate air quality management by environmental agencies

Time course of pulmonary burden in mice exposed to residual oil fly ash

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-27T13:39:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1914 bytes, checksum: 7d48279ffeed55da8dfe2f8e81f3b81f (MD5) andrea_calheiros2etal_IOC_2014.pdf: 1247651 bytes, checksum: 64f6743d18deb5398037d4d1c504f8cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho. Laboratório de Fisiologia Respiratória. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho. Laboratório de Fisiologia Respiratória. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho. Laboratório de Fisiologia Respiratória. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho. Laboratório de Fisiologia Respiratória. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia. Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmodinâmica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho. Laboratório de Radioisótopos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia. Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmodinâmica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Medicina. Departamento de Patologia. Laboratório Experimental de Poluição Atmosférica. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho. Laboratório de Metabolismo Macromolecular Firmino Torres de Castro. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho. Laboratório de Investigação Pulmonar. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho. Laboratório de Fisiologia Respiratória. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Residual oil fly ash (ROFA) is a common pollutant in areas where oil is burned. This particulate matter (PM) with a broad distribution of particle diameters can be inhaled by human beings and putatively damage their respiratory system. Although some studies deal with cultured cells, animals, and even epidemiological issues, so far a comprehensive analysis of respiratory outcomes as a function of the time elapsed after exposure to a low dose of ROFA is wanted. Thus, we aimed to investigate the time course of mechanical, histological, and inflammatory lung changes, as well as neutrophils in the blood, in mice exposed to ROFA until 5 days after exposure. BALB/c mice (25 ± 5 g) were randomly divided into 7 groups and intranasally instilled with either 10 μL of sterile saline solution (0.9% NaCl, CTRL) or ROFA (0.2 μg in 10 μL of saline solution). Pulmonary mechanics, histology (normal and collapsed alveoli, mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells, and ultrastructure), neutrophils (in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) were determined at 6 h in CTRL and at 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h after ROFA exposure. ROFA contained metal elements, especially iron, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and organochlorines. Lung resistive pressure augmented early (6 h) in the course of lung injury and other mechanical, histological and inflammatory parameters increased at 24 h, returning to control values at 120 h. Blood neutrophilia was present only at 24 and 48 h after exposure. Swelling of endothelial cells with adherent neutrophils was detected after ROFA instillation. No neutrophils were present in the lavage fluid. In conclusion, the exposure to ROFA, even in low doses, induced early changes in pulmonary mechanics, lung histology and accumulation of neutrophils in blood of mice that lasted for 4 days and disappeared spontaneously