Adding Blends of NaCl, KCl, and CaCl 2

The effect of a 50% reduction of NaCl and its replacement by KCl, CaCl2, and a blend of KCl and CaCl2 (1 : 1) on lipid oxidation of dry fermented sausages was investigated. We found that a 50% reduction in NaCl decreased the intensity of the reactions to lipid oxidation, while treatments with added CaCl2 resulted in increased lipid oxidation during manufacture and storage. Fatty acid composition also changed owing to the presence of KCl and CaCl2, showing a decrease in saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids after 30 days of storage. Furthermore, a decreased intensity of L⁎ and increased b⁎ values were found in salamis with CaCl2. These results suggest that using CaCl2 as a substitute for NaCl increases the intensity of oxidative reactions while the addition of KCl could be a good alternative to reduce the NaCl content in fermented meat products

Adding Blends of NaCl, KCl, and CaCl 2 to Low-Sodium Dry Fermented Sausages: Effects on Lipid Oxidation on Curing Process and Shelf Life

The effect of a 50% reduction of NaCl and its replacement by KCl, CaCl 2 , and a blend of KCl and CaCl 2 (1 : 1) on lipid oxidation of dry fermented sausages was investigated. We found that a 50% reduction in NaCl decreased the intensity of the reactions to lipid oxidation, while treatments with added CaCl 2 resulted in increased lipid oxidation during manufacture and storage. Fatty acid composition also changed owing to the presence of KCl and CaCl 2 , showing a decrease in saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids after 30 days of storage. Furthermore, a decreased intensity of * and increased * values were found in salamis with CaCl 2 . These results suggest that using CaCl 2 as a substitute for NaCl increases the intensity of oxidative reactions while the addition of KCl could be a good alternative to reduce the NaCl content in fermented meat products

Influence of sodium and fat reduction on the quality of fermented sausages

Orientador: Marise Aparecida Rodrigues PollonioTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de AlimentosResumo: É crescente a importância que os consumidores atribuem aos aspectos que melhoram a sua qualidade de vida. A dieta não é o único fator que afeta o bem-estar e a saúde, mas é um dos mais importantes. O objetivo dos consumidores é ter uma dieta balanceada, com alimentos saudáveis, porém, sensorialmente agradáveis. Os embutidos fermentados, bem como os produtos cárneos em geral, tradicionalmente apontados como os vilões da dieta saudável devido ao alto teor de gordura, colesterol, sódio e aditivos químicos, podem pertencer a esse novo segmento de mercado. Para isto, esforços devem ser dirigidos para a redução desses componentes na formulação, melhorando assim a imagem dos produtos cárneos frente aos consumidores. Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivos estudar a influência da redução de sódio e gordura na qualidade de embutidos fermentados. Para reduzir a quantidade de sódio, embutidos fermentados foram produzidos com substituição de cloreto de sódio (NaCl) por cloreto de potássio (KCl) e se utilizaram aminoácidos (lisina e taurina) e realçadores de sabor (extrato de levedura, inosinato dissódico e guanilato dissódico). Para reduzir a quantidade de gordura, embutidos fermentados foram produzidos utilizando-se gel de celulose amorfa como substituto de gordura e também se avaliou a utilização de fibra de soja em embutidos fermentados com reduzido teor de gordura. Os resultados mostraram que a utilização de KCl como substituto de NaCl resultou numa redução de sódio próxima ao nível de substituição de NaCl por KCl, no entanto, foram observados defeitos sensoriais em um nível de substituição de 50%. Os aminoácidos (lisina e taurina) e os realçadores de sabor (inosinato dissódico, guanilato dissódico e extrato de levedura) reduziram os defeitos sensoriais causados pela substituição de 50% do teor de NaCl por KCl, permitindo a elaboração de embutidos fermentados sensorialmente aceitáveis com aproximadamente metade da quantidade de sódio. Já com relação aos embutidos fermentados produzidos com redução de gordura, observou-se que o gel de celulose amorfa foi capaz de substituir até 50% do teor de gordura da formulação sem comprometer a qualidade do produto. Este nível de substituição possibilitou a produção de embutidos fermentados com uma redução dos teores de gordura e colesterol de aproximadamente 45 e 15%, respectivamente. A utilização de 1% de fibra de soja em embutidos fermentados produzidos com uma redução de 15 para 10% de toucinho na formulação não alterou os aspectos físico-químicos, microbiológicos e sensoriais e proporcionou uma redução de aproximadamente 40% do teor de gordura finalAbstract: The importance that consumers attach to aspects which improve their quality of life has been increasing steadily. Diet is not the only factor affecting well-being and health, but it is one of the most important. Throughout the developed world, more people are seeking a balanced diet consisting of healthy foods that appeal to their senses. Fermented sausages and meat products in general, have traditionally been described as the villains in the diet because of their high fat, cholesterol and salt (or sodium) content, along with the frequent presence of chemical additives in them. However, these foods have recently become a part of the new balanced-diet-seeking market. To create truly healthy meats, efforts are needed to reduce less healthy components in the formulation and thereby improving the image of meat products among the consumers. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the effect of sodium and fat reduction on the quality of fermented sausages. In order to reduce the amount of sodium, fermented sausages were produced by replacing sodium chloride (NaCl) with potassium chloride (KCl), and amino acids (lysine and taurine) and flavor enhancers (yeast extract, disodium guanylate and disodium inosinate) were used as well. In order to reduce the amount of fat, fermented sausages were produced using amorphous cellulose gel as a fat substitute; in addition the use of soy fiber in low-fat fermented sausages was evaluated. The study?s results showed that the use of KCl as a substitute for NaCl resulted in a reduction of sodium to a similar level of substitution of NaCl by KCl, however, sensory defects were observed in a substitution level of 50%. The addition of the amino acids (lysine and taurine) and the flavor enhancers (inosinate disodium, disodium guanylate and yeast extract) reduced the sensory defects caused by the replacement of 50% NaCl by KCl and enabled the production of fermented sausages that had acceptable sensory qualities with half as much sodium content. As for those fermented sausages made with fat reduction, the results suggested that the substitution of up to 50% of the pork back fat content by amorphous cellulose gel did not lessen the product quality. The levels of fat and cholesterol in these sausages were decreased by approximately 45% and 15%, respectively. The addition of 1% soy fiber in fermented sausages produced with a reduction from 15 to 10% of pork back fat in the formulation did not alter the physical-chemical, microbiological and sensory aspects of the sausages but did reduce their fat content by approximately 40%DoutoradoTecnologia de AlimentosDoutor em Tecnologia de Alimento

Inclusion of seaweeds as healthy approach to formulate new low-salt meat products

6 pages, 1 table, 1 figureIn the last years, the consumption of meat products is associated with a higher incidence of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The outstanding profile of seaweeds in nutritive and bioactive compounds turns them into promising candidates to formulate healthy products. Accordingly, due to the increasing interest of consumers by new functional foods and healthier eating habits, several studies have been focused on the incorporation of seaweeds in meat products to enhance some of their properties considered unhealthy. In particular, this review encompasses the use of seaweeds as salt substitutes in meat products as well as their effects on sensorial and physicochemical properties, microbiological stability and shelf-life of the formulated meat productsThanks to GAIN (Axencia Galega de Innovación) for supporting this review (grant number IN607A2019/01). Jose M. Lorenzo, Daniel Franco and Paulo Cezar Bastianello Campagnol are members of the HealthyMeat network, funded by CYTED (ref. 119RT0568). B. Gullón would like to express their gratitude to the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for financial support (Grant reference RYC2018-026177-I). Gonzalo Astray thanks to the University of Vigo for his contract supported by ‘Programa de retención de talento investigador da Universidade de Vigo para o 2018’Peer reviewe

Monosodium Glutamate, Disodium Inosinate, Disodium Guanylate, Lysine And Taurine Improve The Sensory Quality Of Fermented Cooked Sausages With 50% And 75% Replacement Of Nacl With Kcl.

Fermented cooked sausages were produced by replacing 50% and 75% of NaCl with KCl and adding monosodium glutamate, disodium inosinate, disodium guanylate, lysine and taurine. The manufacturing process was monitored by pH and water activity measurements. The sodium and potassium contents of the resulting products were measured. The color values (L*, a* and b*), texture profiles and sensory profiles were also examined. Replacing 50% and 75% NaCl with KCl depreciated the sensory quality of the products. The reformulated sausages containing monosodium glutamate combined with lysine, taurine, disodium inosinate and disodium guanylate masked the undesirable sensory attributes associated with the replacement of 50% and 75% NaCl with KCl, allowing the production of fermented cooked sausages with good sensory acceptance and approximately 68% sodium reduction.96509-1

The effect of sodium reduction and the use of herbs and spices on the quality and safety of bologna sausage

In this study, the replacement of 50% NaCl by KCl in Bologna sausage with the addition of herbs and spice blends (coriander, onion, white pepper, cardamom, and Jamaican pepper) was evaluated. The formulations tested showed a significant reduction in the sodium content with no major alterations in the emulsion stability, texture, and microbiological characteristics. The use of 50% KCl caused a reduction in the sensory quality leading to a significant decrease in the consumers' purchase intention. The formulations with the addition of herbs and spice blends presented better results in the sensory evaluation indicating that this strategy can reduce the negative effects resulting from the use of KCl

The effect of sodium reduction and the use of herbs and spices on the quality and safety of bologna sausage O efeito da redução de sódio e o uso de ervas e especiarias sobre a qualidade e segurança de mortadela

In this study, the replacement of 50% NaCl by KCl in Bologna sausage with the addition of herbs and spice blends (coriander, onion, white pepper, cardamom, and Jamaican pepper) was evaluated. The formulations tested showed a significant reduction in the sodium content with no major alterations in the emulsion stability, texture, and microbiological characteristics. The use of 50% KCl caused a reduction in the sensory quality leading to a significant decrease in the consumers' purchase intention. The formulations with the addition of herbs and spice blends presented better results in the sensory evaluation indicating that this strategy can reduce the negative effects resulting from the use of KCl.Neste trabalho, foi avaliada a substituição de 50% de NaCl por KCl em mortadela com adição de misturas de ervas e especiarias (coentro, cebola, pimenta branca, cardamomo e pimenta Jamaica). As formulações testadas apresentaram redução significativa nos teores de sódio, sem alterações importantes na estabilidade de emulsão, textura e características microbiológicas. A utilização de 50% de KCl causou uma redução na qualidade sensorial com significativa diminuição na percentagem de intenção de compra dos consumidores. As formulações com adição de ervas e especiarias apresentaram melhores resultados para avaliação sensorial, evidenciando que essa estratégia é capaz de reduzir os efeitos negativos resultantes da utilização de KCl