Evaluation of acute oral toxicity and diuretic activity of Rudgea viburnoides (Cham.) Benth. (congonha-de-bugre)

Rudgea viburnoides é utilizada popularmente como diurética, hipotensora, antirreumática, antissifilítica, depurativa do sangue e tratamento da dispepsia. Este trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar a toxicidade aguda e a atividade diurética do extrato etanólico bruto (EEBFRV) das folhas da R. viburnoides. Na toxicidade aguda empregou-se o teste de Classe, nas doses de 2000 e 5000 mg/kg, dose única, gavage, em camundongos Swiss e ratos Wistar (ambos os sexos). Na atividade diurética administrou-se em ratas Wistar o extrato bruto (40, 80 e 160 mg/kg, furosemida 20 mg/kg (controle +) e solução salina 0,9% (controle -). Não houve letalidade ou sinais de intoxicação, indicando baixa toxicidade desse extrato. O efeito diurético foi dose-dependente nas 24 h, com aumento dos parâmetros: volume de urina 24 h, excreção dos eletrólitos sódio, potássio e cloreto, uréia e creatinina. Os resultados até o momento, podem justificar a sua utilização popular como diurética.Rudgea viburnoides is popularly used as anti-hypertensive, anti-rheumatic, antissifilitic, blood depurative and for treatment of dyspepsia (leaves, bark, tea). The acute toxicity of ethanolic extract (EEBFRV) in single dose was performed by gavage of doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg in Swiss mice and Wistar rats, both sexes, by the class test. To diuretic activity in Wistar rats, it was used the EEBFRV at the doses of 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg, furosemide 20 mg/kg (control +), and saline solution 0.9 % (control -). Regarding acute toxicity, no mortality and no toxicity signs at the dose levels were observed, indicating low toxicity of the extract. The EEBFRV showed statistically significant dose-dependent diuretic effect in 24 h, increasing all parameters evaluated (24h urine volume, excretion of Na+, K+ and Cl- electrolytes, urea (BUN) and creatinine). Thus, the results so far may justify the popular use of Rudgea viburnoides as diuretic.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Efeitos da nutrição parenteral total associada à infecção bacteriana na função hepatobiliar de ratos da cepa Wistar

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hepatic alterations associated to parenteral nutrition inrats.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four groups with 10 rats each: Group I (control group) -rats were orally fed with a regular diet; Group II - rats received a regular diet, and wereinfected with Escherichia coli through intraperitoneal inoculation; Group III - rats receivedparenteral nutrition; and group IV, rats received parenteral nutrition, and were infectedwith Escherichia coli. Serum concentrations of AST, ALT, GGT, and 5’ N were measuredon the first day of the experiment, and on the eighth day of parenteral nutrition (the dayanimals were sacrificed). Histological study of the liver of the rats included: evaluationof hydropic degeneration, dilation of the central lobular vein, cholestasis, sinusoidaldilation, proliferation of Kupffer cells, cellular necrosis, and steatosis. All alterationswere graded from 0 to 4+.RESULTS: The lab exams did not present consistent alterations at the end of theexperiment. Group IV presented a reduction in GGT concentration; in addition, thisgroup presented the largest variations in AST and ALT concentration, possibly as aresult of being submitted to more intense aggression to the hepatic parenchyma. Froma histological point-of-view, all animals (with the exception of one) presented dilation ofthe central lobular vein and of the sinusoids. Such findings were more frequent amonginfected animals. The animals did not present steatosis or cholestasis.CONCLUSIONS: 1) The proposed model of intraperitoneal inoculation of Escherichiacoli was appropriate for the study of bacterial infection in young rats of the Wistarstrain; 2) our results indicate that the association of parenteral nutrition and infectiondetermined histologic alterations which were unspecific, but more intense than thealterations determined by each of these situations in isolation.OBJETIVO: Avaliar as alterações hepáticas associadas à nutrição parenteral em ratos.MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados quatro grupos com 10 ratos cada: grupoI - controles alimentados, via oral, com dieta habitual; grupo II - em dieta habitual einfectados com Escherichia Coli inoculada por via intra peritoneal; grupo III - emnutrição parenteral; e grupo IV - em nutrição parenteral e infectados. Foram analisadasas concentrações séricas de AST, ALT, GGT e 5’N no primeiro dia do experimento eno oitavo dia da nutrição parenteral, por ocasião do sacrifício dos animais. O estudohistológico do fígado dos 40 ratos consistiu na avaliação de degeneração hidrópica,dilatação da veia centro-lobular, colestase, dilatação sinusoidal, proliferação de célulasde Kupffer, necrose celular e esteatose. As alterações foram graduadas de 0 a 4+.RESULTADOS: Os exames laboratoriais não foram consistentemente alterados aofinal do experimento. No grupo IV houve redução na concentração de GGT; alémdisso, este foi o grupo que apresentou as maiores variações de AST e ALT,possivelmente devido à maior agressão do parênquima hepático. Do ponto de vistahistológico, todos os animais submetidos à nutrição parenteral (com apenas umaexceção) apresentaram dilatação da veia centro-lobular e dos sinusóides. Estesachados foram mais comuns nos animais infectados. Não foram observadas esteatosee/ou colestase.CONCLUSÕES: 1) O modelo proposto de inoculação intra-peritoneal com EscherichiaColi foi adequado para estudar infecção em ratos jovens da cepa Wistar; 2) osresultados obtidos indicaram que a associação entre nutrição parenteral e infecçãodeterminou alterações histológicas inespecíficas, porém mais intensas do que asalterações determinadas em cada uma dessas situações isoladamente

Purification of a lectin from Cratylia mollis crude extract seed by a single step PEG/phosphate aqueous two-phase system

The partitioning and purification of lectins from the crude extract of Cratylia mollis seeds (Cramoll 1,4) was investigated in aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS). A factorial design model (24) was used to evaluate the influence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) molar mass (15008000g/mol), PEG concentration (12.517.5% w/w), phosphate (1015% w/w) concentration, and pH (68) on the differential partitioning, purification factor, and yield of the lectin. Polymer and salt concentration were the most important variables affecting partition of lectin and used to find optimum purification factor by experimental BoxBehnken design together with the response surface methodology (RSM). ATPS showed best conditions composed by 13.9% PEG1500, 15.3% phosphate buffer at pH 6, which ensured purification factor of 4.70. Sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a single band of protein with 26.1kDa. Furthermore, results demonstrated a thermostable lectin presenting activity until 60°C and lost hemagglutinating activity at 80°C. According to the obtained data it can be inferred that the ATPS optimization using RSM approach can be applied for recovery and purification of lectins.We are grateful to the following bodies for the grants awarded: CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Level Personnel Superior); FACEPE (Pernambuco Science and Technology Foundation): Researcher's scholarship grant: BFP-0017-5.05/18 CNPq (National Council for Scientific Development and Technological) process: 427153/2016-6 and we also thank the reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions as these helped us to improve the manuscript.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio