A ética e a moral no entrelaçar dos fios da malha e suas relações com a construção de conhecimentos no âmbito da educação / The ethics and morals of the threads in the weave of the mesh and its relations with the construction of knowledge in education

Este artigo tem por objetivo investigar de que forma a ética se relaciona com o processo de construção de conhecimentos no âmbito da educação por meio da reflexão sobre três eixos fundamentais: a ética e sua relação com a moral, a bioética e as ciências do comportamento social e psíquico do ser humano. O estudo foi norteado pela seguinte questão: se quisermos reforçar a excelência nas relações, de maneira que toda a estrutura de ensino possa ser paulatinamente reforçada, por onde começar? A fundamentação teórica pautou-se nos estudos de Morin (2001), Santi (2003), Rovighi (1999), Ringer (2004), Singer (1995), Kolakowski (2002), Harris (1989) entre outros, a qual indica que os paradigmas sustentados na história, articulados aos estudos interdisciplinares (Sociologia, Psicologia, Ciências da Educação, Filosofia, Política etc), favorecem o aprofundamento sobre a ética nas relações humanas com foco na valorização do ser humano.  

Hospitalizações por tuberculose na Região Sudeste: uma análise epidemiológica

As internações por tuberculose (TB) são indicadores do desempenho da atenção básica em saúde por identificarem possíveis falhas no tratamento ambulatorial, além de possuírem alto custo para o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Objetivou-se realizar análise epidemiológica das internações hospitalares por TB na região Sudeste do Brasil e os gastos com essas internações. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo das internações hospitalares por TB no Sudeste do Brasil, de 2010 a 2019, com dados disponíveis no Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH) do SUS. Foram registrados 55.878 internações e 4.618 óbitos no período estudado. As internações foram mais frequentes para a faixa etária dos adultos e para o sexo masculino. A maior taxa de letalidade foi registrada em maiores de 80 anos e em indivíduos de cor preta. Na região gastou-se R$137.233.027,20 com as internações no período estudado. A unidade federativa com maior gasto e maior número de casos foi São Paulo. A distribuição populacional das internações sofre provável influência de fatores socioeconômicos, como renda e maior concentração populacional na região, detentora de alta prevalência de casos, o que reforça a associação do estado paulista como o mais populoso da região e o de maior gasto público.Hospitalizations for tuberculosis (TB) are important indicators of the effectiveness of primary health care. Not only do they reveal potential outpatient treatment failures, but they also incur significant costs for the Brazilian National Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde, or SUS). The goal of this study was to conduct an epidemiological analysis of hospitalizations for TB in the Southeast region of Brazil and their associated expenses. A descriptive study of hospital hospitalizations for TB in Southeast Brazil was conducted from 2010 to 2019, using data from the Hospital Information System (Sistema de Informações Hospitalares, or SIH) of the SUS. A total of 55,878 hospitalizations and 4,618 deaths were recorded over the study period. Hospitalizations were more common among adults and men. The highest mortality rate was observed in individuals over 80 years of age and among black individuals. The total expenditure on hospitalizations in the region was R$ 137,233,027.20. The state of São Paulo had the highest expenditure and the highest number of cases. The distribution of hospitalizations is likely influenced by socioeconomic factors, such as income and population density, which is particularly high in the Southeast region where the prevalence of TB is also high. This reinforces the association of São Paulo as the most populous state in the region and the one with the highest public expenditure

Validação do Questionário de Performance Vocal no Brasil Validation of the Vocal Performance Questionnaire in Brazil

OBJETIVO: Realizar a validação do Vocal Performance Questionnaire para o Português Brasileiro. MÉTODOS: Foram seguidos os passos do Scientific Advisory Committee of the Medical Outcomes Trust - SAC. Primeiramente foram analisados os aspectos de modelo conceitual e de medida, confiabilidade, validade, sensibilidade, interpretabilidade e demanda de administração e resposta. O questionário foi traduzido e também retrotraduzido por duas fonoaudiólogas fluentes na língua. As versões foram comparadas e a versão em Português do questionárion foi gerada, recebendo o nome Questionário de Performance Vocal - QPV. O questionário foi aplicado em 325 indivíduos, 160 com queixa vocal e 165 indivíduos sem queixa vocal, com distribuição semelhante de gênero e idade. Posteriormente, os escores dos dois grupos foram comparados e o questionário foi reaplicado em 39 participantes disfônicos, para avaliação da confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade do questionário. O intervalo de confiança considerado foi 95%. RESULTADOS: Todas as 12 questões foram mantidas e o questionário apresentou medidas psicométricas confiáveis de validade, confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade e sensibilidade. CONCLUSÃO: A versão brasileira chamada Questionário de Performance Vocal - QPV, é um protocolo confiável, válido, sensível a mudanças, de fácil aplicação e cálculo de resultados, podendo ser um instrumento importante para compor a avaliação fonoaudiológica do indivíduo disfônico.PURPOSE: To validate the Vocal Performance Questionnaire into Brazilian Portuguese. METHODS: The guidelines of the Scientific Advisory Committee of the Medical Outcomes Trust - SAC were followed. Initially, aspects of conceptual model and measurement, reliability, validity, sensitivity, interpretability, and demand of management and response were analyzed. The questionnaire was translated and back translated by two speech-language pathologists fluent in English. The versions were compared and the Portuguese version of the questionnaire, denominated Questionário de Performance Vocal - QPV, was generated. The QPV was administered to 325 people, 160 with vocal complaints and 165 ones without vocal complaints, with similar distribution of gender and age. The scores of both groups were calculated and compared, and the questionnaire was administered again to 39 dysphonic participants, to determine its reliability and test-retest reproducibility. A 95% confidence interval was adopted. RESULTS: All 12 questions were maintained, and the questionnaire presented reliable psychometric measures of validity, reliability and reproducibility, and sensitivity. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of the VPQ, the Questionário de Performance Vocal - QPV, is a reliable and valid protocol, sensitive to changes, easy to use and calculate the results, and may be an important instrument to compose the speech-language pathology assessment of dysphonic patients

Prevalence of vulvovaginitis and bacterial vaginosis in patients with koilocytosis

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Empirical discussion regarding an association between koilocytosis and vulvovaginitis often occurs. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of microorganisms associated with bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginitis in women with and without koilocytosis. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional study including two cohorts of women (with and without koilocytosis) who attended a cancer hospital in the city of Goiânia, state of Goiás. METHODS: A total of 102 patients entered the study. The whiff test, Gram and Papanicolaou staining and bacterial and fungal culturing were performed. The results were observed using univariate analysis. The odds ratio and confidence interval (CI) of the variables were calculated; P-values < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of bacterial colonization was similar in patients with and without koilocytosis. The odds ratio for candidiasis was 1.43 (CI 1.05-1.95) and the odds ratio for trichomoniasis was 1.78 (CI 1.49-2.12), in patients with koilocytosis. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of candidiasis and trichomoniasis seems to be higher in patients with koilocytosis

Oncoplastic mammaplasty with geometric compensation: Evolution of the technique, outcomes and follow-up in a multicentre retrospective cohort

Background and Objectives To report on the outcomes and evolution of an oncoplastic mammaplasty referred to as geometric compensation mammaplasty. Methods Seventy-three patients with malignant tumours were operated on and followed up in five centres in two countries. Preoperative markings were performed using a Wise pattern. The resection of affected skin was geometrically compensated using another area of preserved skin. Results Mean pathological tumour size was 30.42 +/- 21.98 mm. Twenty tumours (30.77%) were locally advanced and 15 (20.55%) were multicentric. Twenty-two patients (34.38%) were submitted to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Cosmetic results were considered good or excellent in 59 cases (80.82%). Margins were positive in two cases (2.74%). Complications were partial wound dehiscence (n = 11; 15.07%), fat necrosis (n = 9; 12.33%), skin necrosis (n = 5; 6.85%), seromas (n = 5; 6.85%), enlarged scars (n = 7; 9.59%) and infection (n = 2; 2.74%). There were three cases of local recurrence (4.29%), two of bone metastasis (2.86%) and three of metachronous contralateral breast cancer (4.35%). No deaths were recorded within a mean follow-up of 35.33 +/- 28.21 months. Conclusions The technique allowed breast conservation in situations requiring a large resection of skin in difficult positions, with a high rate of free margins, correction of ptosis, satisfactory symmetry and few complications

A predictive model of chronic kidney disease in patients with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract.

The antenatal detection of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) has permitted early management of these conditions. The aim of this study was to identify predictive factors associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in CAKUT. We also propose a risk score of CKD