Gramática movimientista y asistencia: el pueblo, los pobres y los derechos : El caso del Movimiento Evita durante el kirchnerismo en el Gran La Plata

En el escenario de recomposición del sistema político post crisis del año 2001 en Argentina y sus vínculos con las organizaciones se puede plantear un resurgimiento de la denominada gramática movimientista, dentro de la cual se puede ubicar a organizaciones como el Movimiento Evita. El presente trabajo se ocupa de estudiar y analizar las prácticas de asistencia de esta organización durante el periodo 2008-2014, entendiendo a la “asistencia social” como disposiciones, dispositivos, prácticas de atención a aquellos definidos socialmente como pobres. Y entendiendo por “gramática” un juego de reglas no escritas que delimita, por un lado, las pautas de interacción de los sujetos; y por otro, las combinaciones de acciones para coordinar, articular e impulsar intervenciones públicas, acciones que se dirijan a cuestionar, transformar o ratificar el orden social. (Natalucci, 2010). A su vez, se entiende a la noción de gramática como producción de algún orden. En este sentido, la gramática estructura las prácticas, y para el caso de la “movimientista” esta última rememora la gramática de integración de los sectores populares o del pueblo argentino a la disputa política nacional de la mano de las experiencias peronistas en nuestro país. El período seleccionado para la presente indagación recorre el periodo 2008-2014, años que atraviesan los dos últimos gobiernos del denominado “kirchnerismo” en nuestro país, más específicamente los mandatos de la Dra. Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (2008-2011/2011-2014) que se caracterizan por algunas políticas notorias como la denominada Asignación Universal Por Hijo (AUH) que ejemplifican un cambio de modelo en relación a la “asistencia” y la forma de concebir a los pobres y a la pobreza. Desde esta perspectiva, el denominado “kirchnerismo” contiene o desarrolla una performatividad política que apela a la construcción de un programa de gobierno y a una convocatoria política a diversos actores sociales a integrarlo, que se sustenta en un ideario y en una Gramática con evocaciones profundas en las tradiciones nacional-populares del pueblo argentino. Es decir, se considera que no hubo campo social movilizado (ni sindical, ni piquetero, ni de derechos humanos, etc.) que no haya sido atravesado y reconfigurado a partir de la experiencia kirchnerista. Es en esta atmósfera en la cual resulta de interés progresar en el análisis de la naturaleza de los vínculos entre la dinámica de un proceso de transformaciones en el período post 2003 al calor del kirchnerismo y las organizaciones, en especial en las modificaciones en sus prácticas cotidianas, en este caso de Asistencia. Resulta de interés en este punto reponer el concepto de gramática porque como se viene planteando, se entiende como un sistema de reglas de acción que ligan el tiempo y espacio de la experiencia de los sujetos, definiendo formas de resolver problemas. En definitiva, esta noción alude a reglas y usos que dotan de un principio de inteligibilidad a las acciones y prácticas sociales de las organizaciones.Facultad de Trabajo Socia

Study on the effects of nitrilotriproprionic acid and 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzene disulphonate on the fractionation of beryllium in human serum using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Occupational exposure to beryllium may cause Chronic Beryllium Disease (CBD), a lung disorder initiated by an electrostatic interaction with the MHC class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA). Molecular studies have found a significant correlation between the electrostatic potential at the HLA-DP surface and disease susceptibility. CBD can therefore be treated by chelation therapy. In this work, we studied the effect of two complexing agents, nitrilotriproprionic acid (NTP) and 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzene disulphonate (Tiron), on the fractionation of beryllium in human serum analysed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found the average serum beryllium concentration of fourteen non-exposed individuals to be 0.53 (± 0.14) μg l^-1, with 21 (± 3)% of the beryllium mass bound to the low molecular weight fraction (LMW), and 79 (± 3)% bound to the high molecular weight fraction (HMW). The addition of Tiron increased the beryllium mass in the HMW fraction, while NTP was not seen to have any influence on the fractionation of beryllium between the two fractions. NTP was, however, shown to complex 94.5% of the Be mass in the LMW fraction. The beryllium GFAAS detection limit, calculated as three times the standard deviation of 10 replicates of the lowest standard (0.05 μg L^-1), was 6.0 (± 0.2) ng L^-1.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The concentration of beryllium or its fractionation in human serum was not affected by sex or smoking habit. On average, three quarters of the beryllium in serum were found in the HMW fraction. Of the two ligands tested, only Tiron was effective in mobilising beryllium under physiological conditions, thus increasing the Be content in the HMW fraction.</p

Historical Genomics

CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazoni

Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry as a routine method for the quantification of beryllium in blood and serum

Abstract Background A routine method for the quantification of beryllium in biological fluids is essential for the development of a chelation therapy for Chronic Beryllium Disease (CBD). We describe a procedure for the direct determination of beryllium in undigested micro quantities of human blood and serum using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Blood and serum samples are prepared respectively by a simple 8-fold and 5-fold dilution with a Nash Reagent. Three experimental setups are compared: using no modifier, using magnesium nitrate and using palladium/citric acid as chemical modifiers. Results In serum, both modifiers did not improve the method sensitivity, the optimal pyrolysis and atomization temperatures are 1000°C and 2900°C, respectively. In blood, 6 μg of magnesium nitrate was found to improve the method sensitivity. The optimal pyrolysis and atomization temperatures were 800°C and 2800°C respectively. Conclusion In serum, the method detection limit was 2 ng l-1, the characteristic mass was 0.22 (± 0.07) pg and the accuracy ranged from 95 to 100%. In blood, the detection limit was 7 ng l-1, the characteristic mass was 0.20 (± 0.02) pg and the accuracy ranged from 99 to 101%.</p

Effects of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans on Phagocytic Response of Eisenia andrei Coelomocytes

The immunotoxicological effects of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs) mixtures on Eisenia andrei earthworms have never been studied. In this work we investigated these effects both for in vitro and in vivo exposure, using the viability and the phagocytic activity of coelomocytes as immunological biomarkers and the flow cytometry was used for analysis. The in vitro exposure revealed a cytotoxic effect of PCDD/Fs mixture (C2) containing 50¥10-3 ng/mL of 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD and an induction of the phagocytic capacity at the mixture (C1) containing 25¥10-3 ng/mL of 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD. In the in vivo filter paper exposure, the immunocompetence of earthworms was assessed after 3 h-exposure to mixtures of PCDD/Fs at the levels of C1, C2, C3 and C4 containing about; 0.05, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.83 ng of 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD/cm², respectively. Morphological observations showed an excessive secretion of mucus and body surface lesions in worms exposed to higher concentrations (C3 and C4), which revealed that these organisms were affected by PCDD/Fs either through skin and/or by feeding. The levels of the extruded cell yield decreased significantly at all the concentrations tested. However, the cell viability was shown to be unaffected by PCDD/Fs concentrations. It was also shown, that exposure to the highest PCDD/Fs concentrations; C2, C3 and C4 inhibited both phagocytic activity and efficiency

Effect of temperature on immunocompetence of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis)

The blue mussel is a filter-feeding bivalve commonly used in ecotoxicological monitoring as a sentinel species. Due to climate change and the increase of temperature expected in marine environment, it is important to anticipate potential impacts on this species. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunocompetence of blue mussels acclimated to different temperatures and on the effects of increasing temperatures (5, 10 and 20°C). Different indices and gonad maturation stages were also determined throughout the experiments. Cell viability, phagocytosis, serum lysozyme activity and cyclooxygenase (COX) activity were evaluated as immune parameters. The cellular immunity was also evaluated after hemocytes exposure to various cadmium concentrations in vitro. The results obtained demonstrate modulation of hemocyte viability and the ability of these cells to phagocytize in absence of contaminants. After the exposure to cadmium, hemocytes showed greater viability at 5°C while maintaining a higher phagocytic competence. In addition, the lysozyme activity stayed stable at all tested temperatures, contrary to that of COX, which increased when the mussels were maintained at 20°C. The evaluation of indices demonstrated no reduction of general conditions during all the experiment despite the increase of temperature and the reduction of the digestive gland weight. Moreover, the lack of food does not affect gonad maturation and the spawning process