Risk factors for incident HIV infection during follow up among HIV-uninfected partners in HIV discordant couples, Masaka, Uganda.

<p>PYO, person-years of observation; RR, unadjusted rate ratio; aRR, adjusted rate ratio (All factors were adjusted gender, age group at study exit, male circumcision, reported genital discharge, serological syphilis and ART use in the HIV-infected partner); CI, confidence interval; LRT, likelihood ratio test.</p

Baseline factors associated with incident HIV infection among HIV-uninfected partners in HIV discordant couples, Masaka, Uganda.

<p>PYO, person-years of observation; RR, unadjusted rate ratio; aRR, adjusted rate ratio (All factors were adjusted for gender, age group at study entry, male circumcision, alcohol use, condom use frequency, and genital discharge in the past year); CI, confidence interval; LRT, likelihood ratio test.</p

Study profile.

<p>Study profile.</p

Estimated hazard ratios comparing non-elite controllers (EC) and unknown to EC for time from estimated HIV seroconversion to a composite endpoint of AIDS, Death, ART, or CD4<350 cells/mm³ restricting entry to the risk set at 10 years post seroconversion using the CASCADE dataset applied to 10 definitions of EC found in the literature.

††<p>Number of Elites making it to 10 years follow up without experiencing composite endpoint and number subsequently experiencing composite endpoint.</p>†<p>Hazard ratios comparing ECs to Non-ECs (including those with unknown EC status) allowing for late entry at 10 years. For each definition, p-values were obtained from unadjusted log-rank test for time to composite endpoint and were all highly significant p<0.001.</p>‡<p>Statistically different HRs compared to definition E, F, and A from 1000 bootstrap replicates. No definitions were statistically different from definition J at α = 0.05.</p>ŧ<p><b>A</b>: HIV-positive ≥6 months, with ≥2 consecutive HIV-RNA <75 copies/ml; <b>B</b>: HIV- positive ≥1 year, with ≥1 HIV-RNA <50 copies/ml, <b>C</b>: HIV- positive ≥1 year, with ≥1 HIV-RNA <75 copies/ml, <b>D</b>: HIV- positive ≥1 year, with ≥3 HIV-RNA <2000 copies/ml, <b>E</b>: HIV- positive ≥1 year, with ≥3 consecutive HIV-RNA <75 copies/ml spanning ≥12 months <b>F</b>: HIV- positive ≥1 year, with ≥3 consecutive HIV-RNA <75 copies/ml spanning ≥12 months with no previous blips ≥1000 copies/ml, <b>G</b>:HIV- positive ≥2 years, with ≥2 HIV-RNA <75 copies/ml, <b>H</b>: HIV- positive ≥5 years, with ≥5 consecutive HIV-RNA <500 copies/ml, <b>I</b>: HIV- positive ≥10 years, with all measured HIV-RNA <50 copies/ml, <b>J</b>: HIV-positive ≥10 years, with ≥90% of HIV-RNA (≥2 HIV-RNA ever) <400 copies/ml.</p

Two-way overlap of 10 definitions of elite control found in the literature applied to the CASCADE dataset.

<p>Example: 95 seroconverters were classified as EC by definition F of whom 25 (26%) were classified as EC by definition J. Conversely, of 47 seroconverters classified as EC by definition J, 25 (53%) were classified as EC by definition F.</p>ŧ<p><b>A</b>: HIV-positive ≥6 months, with ≥2 consecutive HIV-RNA <75 copies/ml; <b>B</b>: HIV- positive ≥1 year, with ≥1 HIV-RNA <50 copies/ml, <b>C</b>: HIV- positive ≥1 year, with ≥1 HIV-RNA <75 copies/ml, <b>D</b>: HIV- positive ≥1 year, with ≥3 HIV-RNA <2000 copies/ml, <b>E</b>: HIV- positive ≥1 year, with ≥3 consecutive HIV-RNA <75 copies/ml spanning ≥12 months <b>F</b>: HIV- positive ≥1 year, with ≥3 consecutive HIV-RNA <75 copies/ml spanning ≥12 months with no previous blips ≥1000 copies/ml, <b>G</b>:HIV- positive ≥2 years, with ≥2 HIV-RNA <75 copies/ml, <b>H</b>: HIV- positive ≥5 years, with ≥5 consecutive HIV-RNA <500 copies/ml, <b>I</b>: HIV- positive ≥10 years, with all measured HIV-RNA <50 copies/ml, <b>J</b>: HIV-positive ≥10 years, with ≥90% of HIV-RNA (≥2 HIV-RNA ever) <400 copies/ml.</p

HIV-RNA and CD4 values and estimated CD4 slope during elite control (EC), and throughout ART-naïve follow-up using the CASCADE dataset applied to 10 definitions of EC found in the literature.

<p>Note- all values unless otherwise stated are median (IQR).</p>†<p>CD4 slope modelled on the square root scale with linear mixed models, specific p-values for CD4 slope and median number of CD4 measurements are presented in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0086719#pone.0086719.s001" target="_blank">Table S1</a>.</p>‡<p>CD4 slope highly significant p<0.001.</p><p>Ŧ Number of total CD4 and HIV-RNA measurements <b>^ŧ A</b>: HIV-positive ≥6 months, with ≥2 consecutive HIV-RNA <75 copies/ml; <b>B</b>: HIV- positive ≥1 year, with ≥1 HIV-RNA <50 copies/ml, <b>C</b>: HIV- positive ≥1 year, with ≥1 HIV-RNA <75 copies/ml, <b>D</b>: HIV- positive ≥1 year, with ≥3 HIV-RNA <2000 copies/ml, <b>E</b>: HIV- positive ≥1 year, with ≥3 consecutive HIV-RNA <75 copies/ml spanning ≥12 months <b>F</b>: HIV- positive ≥1 year, with ≥3 consecutive HIV-RNA <75 copies/ml spanning ≥12 months with no previous blips ≥1000 copies/ml, <b>G</b>:HIV- positive ≥2 years, with ≥2 HIV-RNA <75 copies/ml, <b>H</b>: HIV- positive ≥5 years, with ≥5 consecutive HIV-RNA <500 copies/ml, <b>I</b>: HIV- positive ≥10 years, with all measured HIV-RNA <50 copies/ml, <b>J</b>: HIV-positive ≥10 years, with ≥90% of HIV-RNA (≥2 HIV-RNA ever) <400 copies/ml.</p

Number of elite controllers (EC), their proportion, and demographic characteristics applying the CASCADE dataset to 10 definitions of EC found in the literature.

†<p>Individuals in the cohort without adequate follow-up or number of HIV-RNA measurements to classify them as EC or non-EC.</p>‡<p>Based on number of seroconverters whose EC status could be determined.</p><p>HIV risk groups: MSM: Men who have sex with men; IDU: Injection drug users; MSW: Heterosexual contact.</p><p>Assuming all individuals with unknown EC status are non-EC.</p>ŧ<p><b>A</b>: HIV-positive ≥6 months, with ≥2 consecutive HIV-RNA <75 copies/ml; <b>B</b>: HIV- positive ≥1 year, with ≥1 HIV-RNA <50 copies/ml, <b>C</b>: HIV- positive ≥1 year, with ≥1 HIV-RNA <75 copies/ml, <b>D</b>: HIV- positive ≥1 year, with ≥3 HIV-RNA <2000 copies/ml, <b>E</b>: HIV- positive ≥1 year, with ≥3 consecutive HIV-RNA <75 copies/ml spanning ≥12 months <b>F</b>: HIV- positive ≥1 year, with ≥3 consecutive HIV-RNA <75 copies/ml spanning ≥12 months with no previous blips ≥1000 copies/ml, <b>G</b>:HIV- positive ≥2 years, with ≥2 HIV-RNA <75 copies/ml, <b>H</b>: HIV- positive ≥5 years, with ≥5 consecutive HIV-RNA <500 copies/ml, <b>I</b>: HIV- positive ≥10 years, with all measured HIV-RNA <50 copies/ml, <b>J</b>: HIV-positive ≥10 years, with ≥90% of HIV-RNA (≥2 HIV-RNA ever) <400 copies/ml.</p

Total ART-naïve follow-up time spent as an elite controller for 4 of the best performing definitions: a) A^ŧ, b) E^ŧ, c) F^ŧ,and d) J^ŧ using the CSCADE dataset.

<p>^ŧ<b>A:</b> HIV-positive ≥6 months, with ≥2 consecutive HIV-RNA <75 copies/ml; <b>E:</b> HIV- positive ≥1 year, with ≥3 consecutive HIV-RNA <75 copies/ml spanning ≥12 months <b>F:</b> HIV- positive ≥1 year, with ≥3 consecutive HIV-RNA <75 copies/ml spanning ≥12 months with no previous blips ≥1000 copies/ml, J: HIV- positive ≥10 years, with ≥90% of HIV-RNA (≥2 HIV-RNA ever) <400 copies/ml.</p

Total bilirubin intervals and medians by site and gender (men: blue, women: white) including U.S.-based comparison interval and cutoff for DAIDS grade one severity (vertical dashed line).

<p>Total bilirubin intervals and medians by site and gender (men: blue, women: white) including U.S.-based comparison interval and cutoff for DAIDS grade one severity (vertical dashed line).</p

Chemistry results, U.S.-based comparison intervals, and out of range (OOR) values

*<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0004401#pone.0004401-Kratz1" target="_blank">[22]</a></p>‡<p>The number and percent of African values outside the U.S.-based comparison interval</p>1<p>Excludes women from Kilifi</p>2<p>Excludes men from Masaka</p>3<p>Excludes all Masaka volunteers and males from KNH</p>4<p>No data available from KNH, Kangemi, Entebbe or Masaka</p