Short urban food chains in developing countries: signs of the past or of the future?

The paper investigates the role and future of short food chains supplying cities in developing countries. It is based on a conceptual framework on proximity (mostly used in developed countries and tested here in developing contexts), surveys in Vietnam on the organisation of vegetable chains supplying urban markets, as well as surveys in Africa and secondary empirical data. In line with the predictions of spatial economics, short food chains are dominant in the supply of perishable produce, e.g. leafy vegetables in Vietnam, as in a number of cities of Africa and Asia. There are instances where farmers and consumers are active in taking advantage of regular interactions, especially to promote food quality and safety, in a context of growing concerns on the part of consumers for their health. The paper concludes with some features of short food chains in Asia and Africa. (Résumé d'auteur

Promotion in Increasing Sales Product Popularity: Study on Youth Perspectives

Success or failure of a company that operates is always faced with costs, costs needed by the company. The use of social media can minimize promotion costs. Small and medium-sized businesses must begin to understand social media marketing so that products sold can sell quickly. A problem that is often faced by small and medium business people is the limited capital to advertise. Through social media marketing, small and medium businesses will save the cost of promoting their products. Modern marketing requires more than developing good products, setting competitive prices and making it easy for customers to reach. The younger generation will be very happy if business people know what they want automatically. In addition, they will also be open to a product if they are involved not as consumers but become friends. The advantage is that customers can easily submit responses or comments through social media, be it praise, criticism, or even suggestions

Interacting with the \u27Himalayan \u3ci\u3eUmmah\u3c/i\u3e\u27. The case of Xidaotang, a Chinese Muslim Community from Lintan

This short essay discusses whether Xidaotang, a Chinese Muslim community, may be considered as belonging to the ‘Himalayan ummah’. Historically and until today, especially via trade, this community has been in close contact with the Himalayan region, understood as the mountainous zone of the Tibetan Plateau. By analyzing these trading interactions and the sociability they induce, it is possible to investigate to what extent Xidaotang members, with their own cultural background, religious practices and social experiences, have contributed to diversify the Islamic landscape in the Himalayan region, to which Amdo belongs