Constructing and validating a scale of inquisitive curiosity

We advance the understanding of the philosophy and psychology of curiosity by operationalizing and constructing an empirical measure of Nietzsche’s conception of inquisitive curiosity, expressed by the German term Wissbegier, (“thirst for knowledge” or “need/impetus to know”) and Neugier (“curiosity” or “inquisitiveness”). First, we show that existing empirical measures of curiosity do not tap the construct of inquisitive curiosity, though they may tap related constructs such as idle curiosity and phenomenological curiosity. Next, we map the concept of inquisitive curiosity and connect it to related concepts, such as open-mindedness and intellectual humility. The bulk of the paper reports four studies: an Anglophone exploratory factor analysis, an Anglophone confirmatory factor analysis, an informant study, and a Germanophone exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis

Virtue and Vice Attributions in the Business Context: An Experimental Investigation

Recent findings in experimental philosophy have revealed that people attribute intentionality, belief, desire, knowledge, and blame asymmetrically to side- effects depending on whether the agent who produces the side-effect violates or adheres to a norm. Although the original (and still common) test for this effect involved a chairman helping or harming the environment, hardly any of these findings have been applied to business ethics. We review what little exploration of the implications for business ethics has been done. Then, we present new experimental results that expand the attribution asymmetry to virtue and vice. We also examine whether it matters to people that an effect was produced as a primary or side- effect, as well as how consumer habits might be affected by this phenomenon. These results lead to the conclusion that it appears to be in a businessperson’s self-interest to be virtuous

Development and validation of a multi-dimensional measure of intellectual humility

This paper presents five studies on the development and validation of a scale of intellectual humility. This scale captures cognitive, affective, behavioral, and motivational components of the construct that have been identified by various philosophers in their conceptual analyses of intellectual humility. We find that intellectual humility has four core dimensions: Open-mindedness (versus Arrogance), Intellectual Modesty (versus Vanity), Corrigibility (versus Fragility), and Engagement (versus Boredom). These dimensions display adequate self-informant agreement, and adequate convergent, divergent, and discriminant validity. In particular, Open-mindedness adds predictive power beyond the Big Six for an objective behavioral measure of intellectual humility, and Intellectual Modesty is uniquely related to Narcissism. We find that a similar factor structure emerges in Germanophone participants, giving initial evidence for the model’s cross-cultural generalizability

Supporting Behavior Change After AECOPD – Development of a Hospital-Initiated Intervention Using the Behavior Change Wheel

After hospitalization due to acute COPD exacerbations, patient-manageable behaviors influence rehospitalization frequency. This study’s aim was to develop a hospital-ward-initiated Behaviour-Change-Wheel (BCW)-based intervention targeting patients’ key health behaviors, with the aim to increase quality of life and reduce rehospitalization frequency. Intervention development was performed by University Hospital Zurich working groups and followed the three BCW stages for each of the three key literature-identified problems: insufficient exacerbation management, lack of physical activity and ongoing smoking. In stage one, by analyzing published evidence – including but not limited to patients’ perspective – and health professionals’ perspectives regarding these problems, we identified six target behaviors. In stage two, we identified six corresponding intervention functions. As our policy category, we chose developing guidelines and service provision. For stage three, we defined eighteen basic intervention packages using 46 Behaviour Change Techniques in our basic intervention. The delivery modes will be face-to-face and telephone contact. In the inpatient setting, this behavioral intervention will be delivered by a multi-professional team. For at least 3 months following discharge, an advanced nursing practice team will continue and coordinate the necessary care package via telephone. The intervention is embedded in a broader self-management intervention complemented by integrated care components. The BCW is a promising foundation upon which to develop our COPD intervention. In future, the interaction between the therapeutic care team-patient relationships and the delivery of the behavioral intervention will also be evaluated. Keywords: AECOPD, complex intervention, behavior, behavior change, intervention developmen

Expectations and Reflection Explain the Knobe Effect

Recent work in moral psychology has focused on the Knobe effect, whic has found that people attribute a host of psychological states and moral concepts asymmetrically for an agent s side effects. For instance, if a CEO starts a program with a side effect of harming the environment, participants are willing to say that CEO intentionally affected the environmental. If instead the program helps the environment, particpants are less willing to say the side effect was intentional. Building on Alfano, Beebe, & Robinson (forthcoming), we argue that the key to understanding the Knobe effect is expectation (in)congruence. Our thesis asserts: a description of the psychological conditions under which the effect can be observed; a link between these conditions and norm (in)congruence; and a rational reconstruction of the conditions and the link. We claim that people are more inclined to attribute a wide variety of mental attitudes to an agent who produces an effect contrary to expectations. This claim is supported by new experimental finding that expectations mediate mental-state attributions in Knobe cases. Unlike previous studies, our experiment asked participants what they expected the agent to do before learning what he decided. Statistical analysis reveals that these expectations explain the variance in subsequent attributions of mental attitudes. Further analysis reveals that expectations are influenced by salient norms. Our vignettes have two competing norms, both of which cannot be satisfied. In different conditions, an interlocutor makes none, one, or both norms salient, which influences both expectations and mental state attributions

Reversing the Side-Effect Effect

In the last decade, experimental philosophers have documented systematic asymmetries in the attributions of mental attitudes to agents who produce different types of side effects. We argue that that this effect is driven not simply by norm-violation but by salient norm-violation. As evidence for this hypothesis, we present two new studies in which two conflicting norms are present, and one or both of them is raised to salience. Expanding one\u27s view to these additional cases presents, we argue, a fuller conception of the side-effect effect, which can be reversed by reversing which norm is salient

Reversing the side-effect effect: The power of salient norms

In the last decade, experimental philosophers have documented systematic asymmetries in the attributions of mental attitudes to agents who produce different types of side effects. We argue that this effect is driven not simply by the violation of a norm, but by salient-norm violation. As evidence for this hypothesis, we present two new studies in which two conflicting norms are present, and one or both of them is raised to salience. Expanding one’s view to these additional cases presents, we argue, a fuller conception of the side-effect effect, which can be reversed by reversing which norm is salient

bcbi/CAOS.jl v0.0.2

Fix fix compatibility issue (ceff6818b9fe439ce1cca3a36c12a88f3fdfe82b) fix biotools dependency (2c2d654e86680359ed4df640af5c1eca467e5594