The New Disability Historiography: Introduction

Produced by Hawai'i University Affiliated Program on Disabilities, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI and Sawyer School of Management, Suffolk University, Boston, MA

Political Movements of People with Disabilities: The League of the Physically Handicapped, 1935-1938

Produced by Hawai'i University Affiliated Program on Disabilities, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI and Sawyer School of Management, Suffolk University, Boston, MA

Understanding External Influences on Target Detection and Classification Using Camera Trap Images and Machine Learning

Using machine learning (ML) to automate camera trap (CT) image processing is advantageous for time-sensitive applications. However, little is currently known about the factors influencing such processing. Here, we evaluate the influence of occlusion, distance, vegetation type, size class, height, subject orientation towards the CT, species, time-of-day, colour, and analyst performance on wildlife/human detection and classification in CT images from western Tanzania. Additionally, we compared the detection and classification performance of analyst and ML approaches. We obtained wildlife data through pre-existing CT images and human data using voluntary participants for CT experiments. We evaluated the analyst and ML approaches at the detection and classification level. Factors such as distance and occlusion, coupled with increased vegetation density, present the most significant effect on DP and CC. Overall, the results indicate a significantly higher detection probability (DP), 81.1%, and correct classification (CC) of 76.6% for the analyst approach when compared to ML which detected 41.1% and classified 47.5% of wildlife within CT images. However, both methods presented similar probabilities for daylight CT images, 69.4% (ML) and 71.8% (analysts), and dusk CT images, 17.6% (ML) and 16.2% (analysts), when detecting humans. Given that users carefully follow provided recommendations, we expect DP and CC to increase. In turn, the ML approach to CT image processing would be an excellent provision to support time-sensitive threat monitoring for biodiversity conservation

Hubble Space Telescope Photometry of the Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy ESO 410-G005

We present HST WFPC2 imaging of the nearby low-surface-brightness dwarf spheroidal galaxy ESO 410-G005, which has been resolved into stars for the first time. The resulting color-magnitude diagram for about 2500 stars shows a red giant branch branch with a tip at I=(22.4+-0.15), which yields a distance of D=(1.9+-0.2) Mpc. ESO 410-G005 is found to be metal-poor with a mean metallicity of (-1.8+-0.4) dex estimated from its red giant branch. Upper asymptotic giant branch stars appear to be present near the center of the galaxy, indicative of a substantial, centrally concentrated intermediate-age population, unless these objects are artifacts of crowding. Previous studies did not detect ESO 410-G005 in H alpha or in HI. ESO 410-G005 is a probable member of the Sculptor group. Its linear separation from the nearest spiral, NGC 55, is 230 kpc on the sky. The deprojected separation ranges from 340 to 615 kpc depending on the assumed distance of NGC 55. ESO 410 G005 appears to be a relatively isolated dSph within the Sculptor group. Its absolute magnitude, Mv = (-12.1+-0.2) mag, its central surface brightness, mu_V = (22.7+-0.1) mag/arcsec^2, and its mean metallicity, [Fe/H] = (-1.8+-0.4) dex, follow the trend observed for dwarf galaxies in the Local Group. (abridged)Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 542 (Oct 20). 23 pages in AASTEX style, 9 figures, partially in gif format to save spac

Cloud formation in the atomic and molecular phase: H I self absorption (HISA) towards a giant molecular filament

Molecular clouds form from the atomic phase of the interstellar medium. However, characterizing the transition between the atomic and the molecular interstellar medium (ISM) is a complex observational task. Here we address cloud formation processes by combining H I self absorption (HISA) with molecular line data. Column density probability density functions (N-PDFs) are a common tool for examining molecular clouds. One scenario proposed by numerical simulations is that the N-PDF evolves from a log-normal shape at early times to a power-law-like shape at later times. To date, investigations of N-PDFs have been mostly limited to the molecular component of the cloud. In this paper, we study the cold atomic component of the giant molecular filament GMF38.1-32.4a (GMF38a, distance = 3.4 kpc, length ∼ 230 pc), calculate its N-PDFs, and study its kinematics. We identify an extended HISA feature, which is partly correlated with the 13CO emission. The peak velocities of the HISA and 13CO observations agree well on the eastern side of the filament, whereas a velocity offset of approximately 4 km s−1 is found on the western side. The sonic Mach number we derive from the linewidth measurements shows that a large fraction of the HISA, which is ascribed to the cold neutral medium (CNM), is at subsonic and transonic velocities. The column density of the CNM part is on the order of 1020 to 1021 cm−2 . The column density of molecular hydrogen, traced by 13CO, is an order of magnitude higher. The N-PDFs from HISA (CNM), H I emission (the warm and cold neutral medium), and 13CO (molecular component) are well described by log-normal functions, which is in agreement with turbulent motionsbeing the main driver of cloud dynamics. The N-PDF of the molecular component also shows a power law in the high column-density region, indicating self-gravity. We suggest that we are witnessing two different evolutionary stages within the filament. The eastern subregion seems to be forming a molecular cloud out of the atomic gas, whereas the western subregion already shows high column density peaks, active star formation, and evidence of related feedback processes.The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. Y.W., H.B., S.B., and J.D.S. acknowledge support from the European Research Council under the Horizon 2020 Framework Program via the ERC Consolidator Grant CSF-648505, and R.S.K. via the ERC AdvancedGrant 339177 (STARLIGHT). H.B., S.C.O.G., and M.R. acknowledge support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft in the Collaborative Research Center (SFB 881) “The Milky Way System” (subproject B1, B2, B8). R.S.K. and S.C.O.G. also acknowledge support from the DFG via Germany’s Excellence Strategy EXC-2181/1 - 390900948 (the Heidelberg STRUCTURES Cluster of Excellence). This work was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory which is operated for NASA by the California Institute of Technology. N.S. acknowledges support by the french ANR and the german DFG through the project “GENESIS” (ANR-16-CE92-0035-01/DFG1591/2-1). F.B. acknowledges funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No 726384). This research made use of Astropy and affiliated packages, a community-developed core Python package for Astronomy (Astropy Collaboration 2018), Python package SciPy3 , APLpy, an open-source plotting package for Python (Robitaille & Bressert 2012), and software TOPCAT (Taylor 2005). The authors thank the anonymous referee for the constructive comments that improve the paper

The Relationship Between Early Sexual Debut and Psychosocial Outcomes: A Longitudinal Study of Dutch Adolescents

In a longitudinal dataset of 470 Dutch adolescents, the current study examined the ways in which early sexual initiation was related to subsequent attachment, self-perception, internalizing problems, and externalizing problems. For male adolescents, analyses revealed general attachment to mother and externalizing problems at Wave 1 to predict to early transition at Wave 2. However, there was no differential change in these psychosocial factors over time for early initiators of sexual intercourse and their non-initiating peers. For female adolescents, the model including psychosocial factors at Wave 1 did not predict to sexual initiation at Wave 2. However, univariate repeated measures analyses revealed early initiators to have significantly larger increases in self-concept and externalizing problems than their non-initiating female peers. While the difference between female early initiators and non-initiators were statistically significant, the mean levels of problem behaviors were very low. The findings suggest that, contrary to previous research, early sexual initiation does not seem to be clustered with problem behaviors for this sample of Dutch adolescents

Comparison of bi-wavelength and tri-wavelength photoplethysmography sensors placed on the forehead

Photoplethysmography is a well-established minimally invasive method for estimating heart rate and blood oxygen saturation in clinical settings. Photoplethysmography, with limitations, can also be extended to estimate respiration rate. Recently many off the shelf photoplethysmography sensors have been released in a form factor suitable for wearable devices. In this study we evaluate two photoplethysmography front ends (inclusive of suitable signal conditioning module and digitizer) from Maxim Integrated™. The tri-wavelength MAX30101 sensor and bi-wavelength MAX30102 sensor were evaluated on the forehead, in a truly non-obtrusive wearable friendly position. Heart rate, respiration rate and blood oxygen saturation were extracted from both sensors and compared with a FDA/TGA/CE approved photoplethysmography device placed on the finger. All data were captured simultaneously and at rest. The MAX30101 sensor was more accurate in measuring heart rate, blood oxygen saturation and respiration rate compared to the MAX30102. Additionally, we found that the red wavelength was best for measuring heart rate and the green wavelength was best for respiration rate

A Comparison of Reflective Photoplethysmography for Detection of Heart Rate, Blood Oxygen Saturation, and Respiration Rate at Various Anatomical Locations

Monitoring of vital signs is critical for patient triage and management. Principal assessments of patient conditions include respiratory rate heart/pulse rate and blood oxygen saturation. However, these assessments are usually carried out with multiple sensors placed in different body locations. The aim of this paper is to identify a single location on the human anatomy whereby a single 1 cm × 1 cm non-invasive sensor could simultaneously measure heart rate (HR), blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), and respiration rate (RR), at rest and while walking. To evaluate the best anatomical location, we analytically compared eight anatomical locations for photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors simultaneously acquired by a single microprocessor at rest and while walking, with a comparison to a commercial pulse oximeter and respiration rate ground truth. Our results show that the forehead produced the most accurate results for HR and SpO2 both at rest and walking, however, it had poor RR results. The finger recorded similar results for HR and SpO2, however, it had more accurate RR results. Overall, we found the finger to be the best location for measurement of all three parameters at rest; however, no site was identified as capable of measuring all parameters while walking