Classical Conditioning: Classical Yet Modern

This manuscript is part of a special issue to commemorate professor Paul Eelen, who passed away on August 21, 2016. Paul was a clinically oriented scientist, for whom learning principles (Pavlovian or operant) were more than salivary responses and lever presses. His expertise in learning psychology and his enthusiasm to translate this knowledge to clinical practice inspired many inside and outside academia. Several of his original writings were in the Dutch language. Instead of editing a special issue with contributions of colleagues and friends, we decided to translate a selection of his manuscripts to English to allow wide access to his original insights and opinions. Even though the manuscripts were written more than two decades ago, their content is surprisingly contemporary. The present manuscript was originally published as part of a Liber Amicorum for Paul Eelen’s own supervisor, prof. Joseph Nuttin. In this chapter, Paul Eelen presents a modern view on Pavlovian learning. It appeared in 1980, at the heyday of cognitive psychology which initially dismissed conditioning. Paul Eelen’s perseverance in presenting learning principles as key to study human behaviour has proven correct and ahead of time. First published as: Eelen, P. (1980). Klassieke conditionering: Klassiek en toch modern. In Liber Amicorum, Prof. J. R. Nuttin, 'Gedrag, dynamische relatie en betekeniswereld' (pp. 321–343). Leuven: Universitaire Pers Leuven

A sentence completion procedure as an alternative to the Autobiographical Memory Test for assessing overgeneral memory in non-clinical populations

Overgeneral memory (OGM) has been proposed as a vulnerability factor for depression (Williams et al., 2007) or depressive reactivity to stressful life-events (e.g., Gibbs & Rude, 2004). Traditionally, a cue word procedure known as the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT; Williams & Broadbent, 1986) is used to assess OGM. Although frequently and validly used in clinical populations, there is evidence suggesting that the AMT is insufficiently sensitive to measure OGM in non-clinical groups. Study 1 evaluated the usefulness of a sentence completion method to assess OGM in non-clinical groups, as an alternative to the AMT. Participants were 197 students who completed the AMT, the Sentence Completion for Events from the Past Test (SCEPT), a depression measure, and visual analogue scales assessing ruminative thinking. Results showed that the mean proportion of overgeneral responses was markedly higher for the SCEPT than for the standard AMT. Also, overgeneral responding on the SCEPT was positively associated to depression scores and depressive rumination scores, whereas overgeneral responding on the AMT was not. Results suggest that the SCEPT, relative to the AMT, is a more sensitive instrument to measure OGM, at least in non-clinical populations. Study 2 further showed that this enhanced sensitivity is most likely due to the omission of the instruction to be specific rather than to the SCEPT's sentence completion format (as opposed to free recall to cue words)

Modern meat: the next generation of meat from cells

Modern Meat is the first textbook on cultivated meat, with contributions from over 100 experts within the cultivated meat community. The Sections of Modern Meat comprise 5 broad categories of cultivated meat: Context, Impact, Science, Society, and World. The 19 chapters of Modern Meat, spread across these 5 sections, provide detailed entries on cultivated meat. They extensively tour a range of topics including the impact of cultivated meat on humans and animals, the bioprocess of cultivated meat production, how cultivated meat may become a food option in Space and on Mars, and how cultivated meat may impact the economy, culture, and tradition of Asia

Het hoofd en het hart

status: publishe

The Broken achilles heel of behavior therapy: A couple of reflections on the function analysis

This manuscript is part of a special issue to commemorate professor Paul Eelen, who passed away on August 21, 2016. Paul was a clinically oriented scientist, for whom learning principles (Pavlovian or operant) were more than salivary responses and lever presses. His expertise in learning psychology and his enthusiasm to translate this knowledge to clinical practice inspired many inside and outside academia. Several of his original writings were in the Dutch language. Instead of editing a special issue with contributions of colleagues and friends, we decided to translate a selection of his manuscripts to English to allow wide access to his original insights and opinions. Even though the manuscripts were written more than two decades ago, their content is surprisingly contemporary. This manuscript was originally published in 1992 and discusses functional analysis as the Achilles heel of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT). Functional analysis is that part of CBT where insight in learning principles feeds into clinical case conceptualisation. Even though functional analysis was self-evident for first generation behaviour therapists, its importance has been overlooked since long. It is striking to see how modern CBT-approaches again incorporate functional assessment. First published as: Eelen, P., & Van den Bergh, O. (1992). De gebroken achillespees van de gedragstherapie: enkele bedenkingen bij de functieanalyse. Psychotherapeutisch Paspoort, 2, 25-34.status: publishe

The Broken Achilles Heel of Behavior Therapy: A Couple of Reflections on the Function Analysis

This manuscript is part of a special issue to commemorate professor Paul Eelen, who passed away on August 21, 2016. Paul was a clinically oriented scientist, for whom learning principles (Pavlovian or operant) were more than salivary responses and lever presses. His expertise in learning psychology and his enthusiasm to translate this knowledge to clinical practice inspired many inside and outside academia. Several of his original writings were in the Dutch language. Instead of editing a special issue with contributions of colleagues and friends, we decided to translate a selection of his manuscripts to English to allow wide access to his original insights and opinions. Even though the manuscripts were written more than two decades ago, their content is surprisingly contemporary. This manuscript was originally published in 1992 and discusses functional analysis as the Achilles heel of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT). Functional analysis is that part of CBT where insight in learning principles feeds into clinical case conceptualisation. Even though functional analysis was self-evident for first generation behaviour therapists, its importance has been overlooked since long. It is striking to see how modern CBT-approaches again incorporate functional assessment. First published as: Eelen, P., &amp; Van den Bergh, O. (1992). De gebroken achillespees van de gedragstherapie: enkele bedenkingen bij de functieanalyse. 'Psychotherapeutisch Paspoort', 2, 25–34.1</a

Perspectivas de aprendizaje en desórdenes de ansiedad

From a moderate “nurture” standpoint, the authors propose the application of the psychology of learning to the theory and practice of anxiety disorders. The concepts of learning are analyzed through three learning paradigms: exposure to a stimulus, relationship between stimuli, and relationship between behavior and consequences. These paradigms are then related to anxiety. Based on preview and their own research, they defend an explanation of the origin and treatment grounded on a contemporary version of the associative viewpoint on anxiety disorders.Partiendo de una posición “ambiente” moderada, los autores proponen aplicar la psicología del aprendizaje en la teoría y práctica de los desórdenes de ansiedad. Los conceptos de aprendizaje son analizados desde tres posibles paradigmas: exposición a estímulos, relación entre estímulos y la relación entre comportamiento y consecuencias. Luego, estos paradigmas son relacionados con la ansiedad. Basados en evidencias, anteriores y propias, defienden una explicación del origen y tratamiento fundamentándose en una versión contemporánea del enfoque asociativo de desórdenes de ansiedad