Polymorphisms in Genes of Relevance for Oestrogen and Oxytocin Pathways and Risk of Barrett's Oesophagus and Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Pooled Analysis from the BEACON Consortium.

BACKGROUND: The strong male predominance in oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) and Barrett's oesophagus (BO) continues to puzzle. Hormonal influence, e.g. oestrogen or oxytocin, might contribute. METHODS: This genetic-epidemiological study pooled 14 studies from three continents, Australia, Europe, and North America. Polymorphisms in 3 key genes coding for the oestrogen pathway (receptor alpha (ESR1), receptor beta (ESR2), and aromatase (CYP19A1)), and 3 key genes of the oxytocin pathway (the oxytocin receptor (OXTR), oxytocin protein (OXT), and cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase glycoprotein (CD38)), were analysed using a gene-based approach, versatile gene-based test association study (VEGAS). RESULTS: Among 1508 OAC patients, 2383 BO patients, and 2170 controls, genetic variants within ESR1 were associated with BO in males (p = 0.0058) and an increased risk of OAC and BO combined in males (p = 0.0023). Genetic variants within OXTR were associated with an increased risk of BO in both sexes combined (p = 0.0035) and in males (p = 0.0012). We followed up these suggestive findings in a further smaller data set, but found no replication. There were no significant associations between the other 4 genes studied and risk of OAC, BO, separately on in combination, in males and females combined or in males only. CONCLUSION: Genetic variants in the oestrogen receptor alpha and the oxytocin receptor may be associated with an increased risk of BO or OAC, but replication in other large samples are needed

The Central Grasslands Research Station: NDSU's Newest Branch Station

This is a discussion of the Central Grasslands Research Station located in Kidder and Stutsman counties, the newest of branch stations and its’ goals

Part II: Fertilization of Northern Great Plains Rangeland: A Review

This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between the Society for Range Management, the National Agricultural Library, and the University of Arizona Libraries.The Rangelands archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform March 202

Part 1: Fertilization of Northern Great Plains Rangelands: A Review

This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between the Society for Range Management, the National Agricultural Library, and the University of Arizona Libraries.The Rangelands archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform March 202

Effects of Grazing Intensity, Precipitation, and Temperature on Forage Production

Questions have been raised about whether herbaceous productivity declines linearly with grazing or whether low levels of grazing can increase productivity. This paper reports the response of forage production to cattle grazing on prairie dominated by Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) in south-central North Dakota through the growing season at 5 grazing intensities: no grazing, light grazing (1.3 +/- 0.7 animal unit months [AUM] ha-1), moderate grazing (2.7 +/- 1.0 AUM ha-1), heavy grazing (4.4 +/- 1.2 AUM ha-1), and extreme grazing (6.9 +/- 2.1 AUM ha-1; mean +/- SD). Annual herbage production data were collected on silty and overflow range sites from 1989 to 2005. Precipitation and sod temperature were used as covariates in the analysis. On silty range sites, the light treatment produced the most herbage (3 410 kg ha-1), and production was reduced as the grazing intensity increased. Average total production for the season was 545 kg ha-1 less on the ungrazed treatment and 909 kg ha-1 less on the extreme treatment than on the light treatment. On overflow range sites, there were no significant differences between the light (4 131 kg ha-1), moderate (4 360 kg ha-1), and heavy treatments (4 362 kg ha-1; P > 0.05). Total production on overflow range sites interacted with precipitation, and production on the grazed treatments was greater than on the ungrazed treatment when precipitation (from the end of the growing season in the previous year to the end of the grazing season in the current year) was greater than 267.0, 248.4, 262.4, or 531.5 mm on the light, moderate, heavy, and extreme treatments, respectively. However, production on the extreme treatment was less than on the ungrazed treatment if precipitation was less than 315.2 mm. We conclude that low to moderate levels of grazing can increase production over no grazing, but that the level of grazing that maximizes production depends upon the growing conditions of the current year. The Rangeland Ecology & Management archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform August 202

A Comparison of Techniques for Interseeding Native Mixed Grass Prairie in Western North Dakota

A study conducted at the Dickinson Branch Experiment Station evaluated chemical and mechanical sod control for lnterseeding grasses and alfalfa into native mixed grass prairie

Forage Species Establishment and Productivity on Mined Land

Abilities of individual species to establish and produce must be considered in selecting species for use in reclamation. Thirty-six forage species were seeded on untreated spoil, on 6 inches of topsoil added to spoil, and on unmined agricultural land. Under all conditions, species usually recommended for dryland seedings provided best stand establishment, had good productivity, and should generally be recommended for spoil bank revegetation

Performance Of Seeded Native And Introduced Grasses In Western North Dakota

In 1972, 6 years of species performance evaluations involving 21 accessions of cool season grasses seeded at the Dickinson Experiment Station in North Dakota is the focal point of this paper. Grass varieties sown given in table format. Explanation on how grasses were sown is outlined. We are presented with the yields of each variety. Where the grasses were grown affected the performance and yields of grasses. The overall integrity of varieties cap the article off

Grazing Intensity Effects on Northern Plains Mixed-Grass Prairie

We evaluated the effects of long-term (1988 to 2000) grazing on northern mixed-grass prairie at tI.e Central Grasslands Research Extension Center in south-central North Dakota. We did not detect a difference in herbaceous basal cover between grazing intensities following 12 consecutive years of season-long moderate (50% removal of annual above-ground standing crop) and heavy (80% removal of annual above-ground standing crop) grazing. However, both moderate and heavy grazing intensities reduced above-ground herbaceous standing crop, total root biomass, and soil organic carbon. Moderate grazing intensity maintained a greater amount of deep (10 to 20 cm) and total root biomass relative to heavy grazing intensity. Several of our findings were in contrast to earlier studies on the same grazing intensity trials, highlighting the importance of considering both short- and long-term effects of grazing intensity on mixed-grass prairie