Physical Origins of Residual Stress and Present Physical Techniques for Measurement

The classic technique for a nondestructive measurement of residual stress is the use of X-ray diffraction. It is really quite an old method. There is a classic paper by Norton and Rosenthal written back in 1943. The method was used during the second World War, I believe, in connection with the study of welded structures in ships. A more or less portable piece of equipment was built even in those days. The method did not come, as far as I know, into very widespread use. I think I now understand this better after hearing yesterday•s talks. It seems clear that a nondestructive testing or evaluation method must be cheap, quick and simple; the early X-ray techniques were none of those. They depended on the use of photographic film. The exposure had to be made; the film had to be developed. In many cases it had to be measured with a microdensitometer. It required a rather skilled person to do it, so it was not really a very attractive procedure

Towards Truly “Global” Near Infrared Calibrations for Protein and Neutral Detergent Fibre in Dried Ground Forages

Over the past five years, Foss and DeLaval have sponsored the activities of a group of forage analysts with the aim of developing global Near Infrared (NIR) calibrations for parameters that are important in ruminant nutrition. The approach adopted has been based on the amalgamation of historical databases from centres worldwide and calibrations for protein and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in dried ground forages have been developed based on databases that currently comprise approximately 30,000 records. Protein and NDF, while not the most important parameters in ruminant nutrition, were chosen for the initial calibration development exercise because of the amount of data available and because the methodologies adopted by different laboratories worldwide were relatively uniform. The aim was to create calibrations that would work for any forage type in any area of the world. Over the past two years, several trials have been carried out worldwide comparing the performance of global calibrations with the performance of locally developed calibrations for indigenous forages and based on reference values from local laboratories

Variable Curvature Slab Molecular Dynamics as a Method to Determine Surface Stress

A thin plate or slab, prepared so that opposite faces have different surface stresses, will bend as a result of the stress difference. We have developed a classical molecular dynamics (MD) formulation where (similar in spirit to constant-pressure MD) the curvature of the slab enters as an additional dynamical degree of freedom. The equations of motion of the atoms have been modified according to a variable metric, and an additional equation of motion for the curvature is introduced. We demonstrate the method to Au surfaces, both clean and covered with Pb adsorbates, using many-body glue potentials. Applications to stepped surfaces, deconstruction and other surface phenomena are under study.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, REVTeX, submitted to Physical Review

Comparative Expression Profiling of Leishmania: Modulation in Gene Expression between Species and in Different Host Genetic Backgrounds

The single-celled parasite Leishmania, transmitted by sand flies in more than 88 tropical and sub-tropical countries globally, infects man and other mammals, causing a spectrum of diseases called the leishmaniases. Over 12 million people are currently infected worldwide with 2 million new cases reported each year. The type of leishmaniasis that develops in the mammalian host is dependent on the species of infecting parasite and the immune response to infection (that can be influenced by host genetic variation). Our research is focused on identifying parasite factors that contribute to pathogenicity in the host and understanding how these might differ between parasite species that give rise to the different clinical forms of leishmaniasis. Molecules of this type might lead to new therapeutic tools in the longer term. In this paper, we report a comparative analysis of gene expression profiles in three Leishmania species that give rise to different types of disease, focusing on the intracellular stages that reside in mammalian macrophages. Our results show that there are only a small number of differences between these parasite species, with host genetics playing only a minor role in influencing the parasites' response to their intracellular habitat. These small changes may be significant, however, in determining the clinical outcome of infection

Fashion archive fervour: the critical role of fashion archives in preserving, curating, and narrating fashion

Fashion items and artefacts across the 19th and 20th centuries were once considered unworthy of placement in museums and archives on account of their perishable nature and their association with the shallow pleasures of low culture. The perceived fragile and ephemeral nature of fashion garments and accessories has been reevaluated with material objects now considered worth saving for multiple purposes and uses. Awareness of the high social, cultural, economic, and historic value of physical fashion relics has resulted in the trend for fashion designers, brands, and museums to collate, create, and manage fashion archives. The article analyses the importance for both industry and consumer of preserving and accessing fashion archives in the 21st century in both digital and traditional ways. It highlights the benefits of collating a holistic multi-modal archive by combining material and textual cultural objects in various forms to portray and contextualize the lived social experience. A case study will analyse a selected educational fashion archive based in postcolonial Hong Kong. The contemporary fashion archive’s role is evaluated from the perspective of archivist and user regarding contested issues such as commercialization, curatorial objectivity, or controlled access, while evaluating future directions for the fashion archive as ultimate style repository

Fatigue after Stroke: Baseline Predictors and Influence on Survival. Analysis of Data from UK Patients Recruited in the International Stroke Trial

Little is known about the associations of post-stroke fatigue or its influence on survival. The vitality component of the Short Form 36 (SF-36) is a valid and reliable measure of post-stroke fatigue. We sought to identify associates of post-stroke fatigue and determine whether fatigue predicted survival.We used SF-36 vitality scores obtained by postal questionnaires from 1080 UK patients randomised in the International Stroke Trial, at a mean of 64 weeks after stroke onset. We used logistic regression to explore factors at randomisation which predicted SF-36 vitality at follow-up, and the relationship between SF-36 vitality and both SF-36 mental health and SF-36 emotional role function at follow-up. We used Cox proportional hazards to explore the influence of SF-36 vitality at follow-up on subsequent survival, using four different statistical models for handling missing data.Female sex, increasing age, lower mental health and lower emotional role function scores were associated with greater degrees of fatigue after stroke (i.e. lower vitality scores) but these factors explained <30% of the variance (R(2)) in fatigue. In two models, fatigue at follow-up was associated with shorter subsequent survival.Increasing age, female sex, emotional role function and mental health were associated with increased fatigue at a mean of 64 weeks after stroke onset, but explained less than 30% of the variance. Fatigue was associated with reduced subsequent long-term survival in 2/4 models. Further work is needed to identify the biological substrate of fatigue and to clarify its influence on survival

Enhancing white-tailed deer habitats on your property : Food Plots (2013)

Landowners who are managing their land for white-tailed deer may consider planting food plots to provide a supplemental food source. On some properties, establishing and maintaining food plots can provide supplemental food and nutrition for deer, but food plots should never be considered a substitute for managing the native vegetation to provide quality food sources. In situations where food plots would contribute to deer management objectives, the plots need to be established and maintained properly