Prescience Life of Landing Gear Using Multiaxial Fatigue Numerical Analysis

AbstractFatigue failure, which occurs in many engineering components and structures in service, is actually attributed to the multiaxial loads. This study is aimed to estimate/ prescience life of main landing gear of a medium multi-utility aircraft under multiaxial loadings. In this analysis we studied the various loading conditions among them few are the spin-up, spring-back and lateral drift loading.The equivalent stress based multiaxial fatigue criteria (Sines and Crosslands) is employed for the determination of equivalent stress due to multiaxial loading and Palmgren Miner's theory used for calculating total damage and consequently the fatigue life. It is seen that the multiaxial fatigue numerical analysis render lower life than the maximum uni-axial life value

An Approach for Service Oriented Discovery and Retrieval of Spatial Data

ABSTRACT Successful information integration and sharing data across disparate systems and designs are required for fast access to and interpretation of many types of geospatial information. Spatial data are highly heterogeneous -not only they differ from data representation and storage methods, but they also differ in the way of querying the data. Finding and accessing spatial data in an environment like this is a crucial task. Enterprise geographic information system (E-GIS) is an organization-wide approach to GIS implementation, operation, and management. The main focus of the paper is to integrate diverse spatial data repositories for geographic applications using service-based methodology. We have adopted service-oriented architecture (SOA) for the discovery and retrieval of geospatial data. The architecture uses a central ontology as metadata information, which acts as service broker. Ontology-based discovery and retrieval of geographic data solves the problem of semantic heterogeneity, the major bottleneck for spatial interoperability. The implementation is in compliant with the Web Map Service (WMS) and Web Feature Service (WFS), the web service standards proposed by OGC. The need for loosely coupled service-based access of data in the spatial domain has been exploited. A query processing mechanism in distributed environment of spatial data sources has been discussed at the end. The proposed system has been implemented and fully tested

Improved climate simulations through a stochastic parameterization of ocean eddies

In climate simulations, the impacts of the sub-grid scales on the resolved scales are conventionally represented using deterministic closure schemes, which assume that the impacts are uniquely determined by the resolved scales. Stochastic parameterization relaxes this assumption, by sampling the sub-grid variability in a computationally inexpensive manner. This study shows that the simulated climatological state of the ocean is improved in many respects by implementing a simple stochastic parameterization of ocean eddies into a coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model. Simulations from a high-resolution, eddy-permitting ocean model are used to calculate the eddy statistics needed to inject realistic stochastic noise into a low-resolution, non-eddy-permitting version of the same model. A suite of four stochastic experiments is then run to test the sensitivity of the simulated climate to the noise definition, by varying the noise amplitude and decorrelation time within reasonable limits. The addition of zero-mean noise to the ocean temperature tendency is found to have a non-zero effect on the mean climate. Specifically, in terms of the ocean temperature and salinity fields both at the surface and at depth, the noise reduces many of the biases in the low-resolution model and causes it to more closely resemble the high-resolution model. The variability of the strength of the global ocean thermohaline circulation is also improved. It is concluded that stochastic ocean perturbations can yield reductions in climate model error that are comparable to those obtained by refining the resolution, but without the increased computational cost. Therefore, stochastic parameterizations of ocean eddies have the potential to significantly improve climate simulations

Synchronous dual malignancy: a rare case report of carcinoma breast with carcinoma gall bladder

Incidence of multiple primary cancers is reported to be between 0.18% to 17.2% in various studies. Occurrence of breast and gall bladder malignancy as synchronous malignancy is very rare. We are reporting one of such rare case. Our patient, a 64 years old lady had a unique presentation. She underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for a clinical diagnosis of cholelithiasis. Histopathology turned out to be adenocarcinoma of the gall bladder (Stage II A). A clinical examination done at the time of presentation to our institute revealed suspicious thickening of the skin of the left breast and a subsequent tru-cut biopsy revealed infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Hormone receptor immunohistochemistry revealed oestrogen receptor (ER) negative progesterone receptor (PR) negative and Her2neu negative tumour. Further evaluation revealed a widespread metastatic disease. She was treated with palliative radiotherapy, chemotherapy and zolendronate. She had an aggressive clinical course and succumbed to her illness within four months after diagnosis of dual malignancy. There is a high incidence of gall bladder carcinoma along the Gangetic belt of Northern India. Presence of dual malignancy with gall bladder carcinoma as one primary in these geographic location needs to be further explored for sporadic environmental factors or other genetic alterations as possible causative factors

Potential for using pheromone trapping and molecular screening in phosphine resistance research: Presentation

Phosphine resistance monitoring typically involves bioassays of beetles from population samples collected from grain storage facilities. Insects are classified into susceptible or resistant phenotypes based on mortality or survival at one or more discriminating doses. Although valuable, phenotype testing has several drawbacks. First, phenotype testing needs live insects, and considerable effort is required to collect and maintain them before testing. Second, population samples may contain multiple genotypes expressing different levels of resistance that may not be distinguishable using discriminating dose bioassays. Third, collections are likely to be focussed around grain storages to maximise sampling success. Recent research shows that several key pests are actively dispersing through flight. The availability of commercial pheromone lures and recent advances in molecular screening provide an opportunity to provide information on resistance gene frequencies more broadly across the landscape. This approach is proving to be a valuable adjunct to traditional resistance testing in Australia.Phosphine resistance monitoring typically involves bioassays of beetles from population samples collected from grain storage facilities. Insects are classified into susceptible or resistant phenotypes based on mortality or survival at one or more discriminating doses. Although valuable, phenotype testing has several drawbacks. First, phenotype testing needs live insects, and considerable effort is required to collect and maintain them before testing. Second, population samples may contain multiple genotypes expressing different levels of resistance that may not be distinguishable using discriminating dose bioassays. Third, collections are likely to be focussed around grain storages to maximise sampling success. Recent research shows that several key pests are actively dispersing through flight. The availability of commercial pheromone lures and recent advances in molecular screening provide an opportunity to provide information on resistance gene frequencies more broadly across the landscape. This approach is proving to be a valuable adjunct to traditional resistance testing in Australia

Utility of biotechnology based decision making tools in postharvest grain pest management: An Australian case study

A major concern for the Australian grain industry in recent years is the constant threat of resistance to the key disinfestant phosphine in a range of stored grain pests. The need to maintain the usefulness of phosphine and to contain the development of resistance are critical to international market access for Australian grain. Strong levels of resistance have already been established in major pests including the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), and most recently in the rusty grain beetle Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens). As a proactive integrated resistance management strategy, new fumigation protocols are being developed in the laboratory and verified in large-scale field trials in collaboration with industry partners. To aid this development, we have deployed advanced molecular diagnostic tools to accurately determine the strength and frequency of key phosphine resistant insect pests and their movement within a typical Australian grain value chain. For example, two major bulk storage facilities based at Brookstead and Millmerran in southeast Queensland, Australia, were selected as main nodes and several farms and feed mills located in and around these two sites at a scale of 25 to 100 km radius were selected and surveyed. We determined the type, pattern, frequency as well as the distribution of resistance alleles accurately for two major pests, R. dominica and T. castaneum. Overall, this information along with the phenotypic data, provide a basis for designing key intervention strategies in managing resistance problems in the study area.A major concern for the Australian grain industry in recent years is the constant threat of resistance to the key disinfestant phosphine in a range of stored grain pests. The need to maintain the usefulness of phosphine and to contain the development of resistance are critical to international market access for Australian grain. Strong levels of resistance have already been established in major pests including the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), and most recently in the rusty grain beetle Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens). As a proactive integrated resistance management strategy, new fumigation protocols are being developed in the laboratory and verified in large-scale field trials in collaboration with industry partners. To aid this development, we have deployed advanced molecular diagnostic tools to accurately determine the strength and frequency of key phosphine resistant insect pests and their movement within a typical Australian grain value chain. For example, two major bulk storage facilities based at Brookstead and Millmerran in southeast Queensland, Australia, were selected as main nodes and several farms and feed mills located in and around these two sites at a scale of 25 to 100 km radius were selected and surveyed. We determined the type, pattern, frequency as well as the distribution of resistance alleles accurately for two major pests, R. dominica and T. castaneum. Overall, this information along with the phenotypic data, provide a basis for designing key intervention strategies in managing resistance problems in the study area