Synthesis and fungicidal activity of 3-aryl-2-(4'-aryl thiazol-2'-ylaminomethyl) quinazol-4 (3H)-ones

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Effect of silicone treatment on hand value of cotton handloom fabrics

Cotton handloom woven finished fabrics have been treated with silicone softener in order to improve the hand value by overcoming the inherent drawbacks, such as harsh feel of handloom fabrics, so as to make them suitable for readymade garments. Evaluation of the hand values of handloom fabrics in terms of bending stiffness, surface roughness and softness have been conducted by using simple and cheaper instruments/techniques, like Shirley stiffness tester, digital image processing methods and fabric feel tester. It is observed that with the increase in concentration of silicone softener there is an improvement in the softness as well as smoothness of the fabrics. Consumers experience a better feel when they touch the silicone treated handloom fabric or the garment by their hand

PCR detection assay for sex determination in papaya using SCAR marker

Papaya (Carica papaya L., 2n = 18), a polygamous angiosperm, is a major fruit crop in tropical and subtropical regions. It is trioecious with three sex forms: male, female, and hermaphrodite, where sex determination is controlled by the XY chromosome pair with two slightly different Y chromosomes i.e. Y for male and Yh for hermaphrodite. Sex type determination in papaya, which cannot be determined either by embryo shape or morphology at the juvenile developmental stage, is an essential pre-requisite for crop improvement processes as it helps in identification of fruitful plants. Hence, molecular profiling could be used as an alternative that provides a quick and reliable identifi cation of sex types in plantlets at initial stages only. In the present study we have validated the sex linked sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker W11 using PCR detection assay among different cultivars of papaya i.e. dioecious with either female or male and gynodioecious with either female or hermaphrodites and also performed a double-blind test for validating the seedlings of 84 F1 plants, which resulted in their sex determination. The assay clearly gives 800 bp band in male plants in dioecious types and hermaphrodite in gynodioecious plants

Axiomatic Bargaining Theory on Opportunity Assignments

This paper discusses issues of axiomatic bargaining problems over opportunity assignments. The fair arbitrator uses the principle of "equal opportunity" for all players to make the recommendation on re- source allocations. A framework in such a context is developed and several classical solutions to standard bargaining problems are reformulated and axiomatically characterized. Working Paper 06-4

The miRNAome of \u3cem\u3eCatharanthus roseus\u3c/em\u3e: Identification, Expression Analysis, and Potential Roles of MicroRNAs in Regulation of Terpenoid Indole Alkaloid Biosynthesis

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate numerous crucial biological processes in plants. However, information is limited on their involvement in the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites in plants, including Catharanthus roseus that produces a number of pharmaceutically valuable, bioactive terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs). Using small RNA-sequencing, we identified 181 conserved and 173 novel miRNAs (cro-miRNAs) in C. roseus seedlings. Genome-wide expression analysis revealed that a set of cro-miRNAs are differentially regulated in response to methyl jasmonate (MeJA). In silico target prediction identified 519 potential cro-miRNA targets that include several auxin response factors (ARFs). The presence of cleaved transcripts of miRNA-targeted ARFs in C. roseus cells was confirmed by Poly(A) Polymerase-Mediated Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (PPM-RACE). We showed that auxin (indole acetic acid, IAA) repressed the expression of key TIA pathway genes in C. roseus seedlings. Moreover, we demonstrated that a miRNA-regulated ARF, CrARF16, binds to the promoters of key TIA pathway genes and repress their expression. The C. roseus miRNAome reported here provides a comprehensive account of the cro-miRNA populations, as well as their abundance and expression profiles in response to MeJA. In addition, our findings underscore the importance of miRNAs in posttranscriptional control of the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites

Effects of a lactobacillus reuteri BR11 mutant deficient in the cystine-transport system in a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease

The final publication is available at link.springer.comBACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract associated with altered composition of the gut microbiota. Lactobacillus reuteri BR11 (BR11) has recently been reported to reduce the severity of experimental IBD because of its probiotic properties possibly attributed to a mechanism of thiol production via its unique cysteine/cystine-transport system. AIM We compared BR11 and a BR11 mutant deficient in the cystine-uptake system (PNG201), for their capacity to reduce the severity of experimental colitis. METHODS Male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 8 per group) were gavaged (1 ml/day) with skim milk, BR11 or PNG201 (1 × 109 CFU/ml) for 12 days. Rats consumed either water or 2% dextran sulfate sodium in drinking water from days 6 to 12 to induce colitis. Metabolism data, disease activity index, intestinal mucin profile, and histological analyses were assessed and compared by ANOVA. RESULTS Assessed histologically, DSS administration resulted in significant colonic deterioration, including loss of crypt area and increased damage severity. BR11 administration only partially alleviated the DSS effects, with a minor improvement in crypt area (P 0.05) against the DSS control for any of the end-points. However, the mutant strain induced significantly greater (P < 0.05) histological severity compared with BR11-treated colitic animals, indicative of possible exacerbation of colitis. CONCLUSIONS The cystine-uptake system only minimally affects the biological effects of BR11, as evidenced by histological and macroscopic colitic changes.Haydn L. Atkins, Mark S. Geier, Luca D. Prisciandaro, Ashok K. Pattanaik, Rebecca E. A. Forder, Mark S. Turner, Gordon S. Howart

WMO Assessment of Weather and Climate Mortality Extremes: Lightning, Tropical Cyclones, Tornadoes, and Hail

A World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Commission for Climatology international panel was convened to examine and assess the available evidence associated with five weather-related mortality extremes: 1) lightning (indirect), 2) lightning (direct), 3) tropical cyclones, 4) tornadoes, and 5) hail. After recommending for acceptance of only events after 1873 (the formation of the predecessor of the WMO), the committee evaluated and accepted the following mortality extremes: 1) “highest mortality (indirect strike) associated with lightning” as the 469 people killed in a lightning-caused oil tank fire in Dronka, Egypt, on 2 November 1994; 2) “highest mortality directly associated with a single lightning flash” as the lightning flash that killed 21 people in a hut in Manica Tribal Trust Lands, Zimbabwe (at time of incident, eastern Rhodesia), on 23 December 1975; 3) “highest mortality associated with a tropical cyclone” as the Bangladesh (at time of incident, East Pakistan) cyclone of 12–13 November 1970 with an estimated death toll of 300 000 people; 4) “highest mortality associated with a tornado” as the 26 April 1989 tornado that destroyed the Manikganj district, Bangladesh, with an estimated death toll of 1300 individuals; and 5) “highest mortality associated with a hailstorm” as the storm occurring near Moradabad, India, on 30 April 1888 that killed 246 people. These mortality extremes serve to further atmospheric science by giving baseline mortality values for comparison to future weather-related catastrophes and also allow for adjudication of new meteorological information as it becomes available

Securing Basic Well-being for All

The purpose of this paper is to examine the possibility of a social choice rule to implement a social policy for securing basic well-being for all. The paper introduces a new scheme of social choice, called a social relation function (SRF), which associates a reflexive and transitive binary relation over a set of social policies to each profile of individual well-being appraisals and each profile of group evaluations. As part of the domains of SRFs, the available class of group evaluations is constrained by three conditions. Furthermore, the non-negative response (NR) and the weak Pareto condition (WP) are introduced. NR demands giving priority to group evaluation, while treating the groups as formally equal relative to each other. WP requires treating impartially the well-being appraisals of all individuals. In conclusion, this paper shows that under some reasonable assumptions, there exists an SRF that satisfies NR and WP