3,266 research outputs found
Cyber Risks and Costs for the Company.
The interest in the security of IT systems has grown in recent years, proportionally to their diffusion and to
the role they play in the community. With the spread of computerization of society and services (public and
private) the risk of cyber-attacks and accidents has increased. From the results of the analysis of the present
study it is noted that only in Europe, more than 4 thousand computer attacks per day have occurred and also
in Italy the phenomenon has recorded increasingly heavy consequences to the detriment of businesses. From
the analyzes reported in the present study, the causes of the problem are multiple but in particular they are
due to the scarce training of the personnel, which does not allow to notice in time of possible threats and
intrusions in the control systems, to a cultural problem and to the inadequacy of the investments to face the
problem, in fact, despite, a general concern of the companies about the risks of cyber security. The present
study examines the main sector reports, including those in the international context of the World Economic
Forum, Kaspersky, McAfee, Norton Cybercrime Report and at a European level, the recent Euro barometer
research to investigate the risks of company and identify the tools that allow to improve the degree of
knowledge of the real threats, to know the business costs in order to activate a series of measures able to
guarantee the security of company data
Atlas and Informative System of the Lagoon of Venice: updated tools for a higher management efficiency in Natura 2000 sites
La laguna di Venezia è un ecosistema complesso
per comprendere il quale è necessario integrare
dati ed informazioni provenienti da discipline
diverse raccolti da differenti Enti ed Istituti di
ricerca. L’Osservatorio Naturalistico della
Laguna, del Comune di Venezia, nasce
fondamentalmente per raccogliere queste
informazioni ed organizzarle affinché possano
essere fruibili sia dai vari Servizi e Direzioni dell’Amministrazione Comunale, sia dalle
istituzioni scientifiche e dai cittadini. Per questo
motivo è stato prodotto l’Atlante della Laguna,
una raccolta di 103 mappe tematiche, ciascuna
delle quali è corredata da una scheda esplicativa,
suddivise in 5 sezioni: Geosfera, Biosfera,
Antroposfera, Ambiti di Tutela e Analisi Integrate.
L’Atlante rappresenta solo un primo passo verso
la diffusione e la validazione dei dati ambientali.
Attualmente si sta realizzando un Sistema
Informativo della Laguna (SIL) che metterÃ
a disposizione di vari utenti le informazioni,
le elaborazioni ed i materiali raccolti
dall’Osservatorio durante le sue attività (in parte
già sintetizzati nell’Atlante). Il passo successivo
sarà la raccolta e la diffusione delle informazioni
e dei dati che altri soggetti proprietari vorranno
inserire nel SIL, attraverso appositi protocolli di
scambio. I vantaggi di un Sistema Informativo
rispetto ad un volume cartaceo sono molteplici
e noti, e vanno dall’aggiornabilità del dato alla
possibilità di elaborarlo secondo necessitÃ
contingenti. L’utilizzo di questi strumenti per la
gestione delle aree umide è esemplificato
attraverso un caso studio: la Valutazione di
Incidenza dell’area utilizzata per il tiro al piattello
localizzata a Campalto (Venezia), attivitÃ
dismessa ormai da diversi anni.The lagoon of Venice is a complex ecosystem
that can be understood only by the integration of
data and information with a multidisciplinary
approach. The ‘Osservatorio Naturalistico della
Laguna’ of Venice Municipality has been created
with the aim of gathering and organizing all kinds
of information, so that it can be used by
administrators, scientific institutions and
citizens. For this reason, the Lagoon Atlas was
produced. The Atlas is composed by 103 tematic
maps, each accompanied by an explicatory
schedule, subdivided into 5 sections:
Geosphere, Biosphere, Anthroposphere,
Protection and Integrated Analysis.
The Atlas represents a first step towards the
distribution and validation of environmental data.
An Informative System of the Lagoon (SIL) is
currently under construction, and this will allow to obtain all kind of information, elaboration and
materials gathered by the Osservatorio during its
activities (already partially summarized in the
Atlas). The next step will be to gather and
distribute information and data that other
subjects will include in the SIL, through specific
protocols of exchange. The advantages of using
an Informative System rather than paper
materials are obvious, spanning from the
possibility to update data to the possibility of
elaborating them according to the needs.
The use of these tools for wetland management
is exemplified by a case study: the assessment
of projects in the area of Campalto (Venice), that
in the past was used for shooting
Relationship between prolactin plasma levels and white matter volume in women with multiple sclerosis
BACKGROUND:
The role of prolactin (PRL) on tissue injury and repair mechanisms in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unclear. The aim of this work was to investigate the relationship between PRL plasma levels and brain damage as measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
METHODS:
We employed a chemiluminescence immunoassay for measuring plasma levels of PRL. We used a 1.5 T scanner to acquire images and Jim 4.0 and SIENAX software to analyse them.
RESULTS:
We included 106 women with relapsing remitting (RR) MS and stable disease in the last two months. There was no difference in PRL plasma levels between patients with and without gadolinium enhancement on MRI. PRL plasma levels correlated with white matter volume (WMV) (rho = 0.284, p = 0.014) but not with grey matter volume (GMV). Moreover, PRL levels predicted changes in WMV (Beta: 984, p = 0.034).
CONCLUSIONS:
Our data of a positive association between PRL serum levels and WMV support the role of PRL in promoting myelin repair as documented in animal models of demyelination. The lack of an increase of PRL in the presence of gadolinium enhancement, contrasts with the view considering this hormone as an immune-stimulating and detrimental factor in the inflammatory process associated with MS
High taxonomic level fingerprint of the human intestinal microbiota by Ligase Detection Reaction - Universal Array approach
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Affecting the core functional microbiome, peculiar high level taxonomic unbalances of the human intestinal microbiota have been recently associated with specific diseases, such as obesity, inflammatory bowel diseases, and intestinal inflammation.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In order to specifically monitor microbiota unbalances that impact human physiology, here we develop and validate an original DNA-microarray (HTF-Microbi.Array) for the high taxonomic level fingerprint of the human intestinal microbiota. Based on the Ligase Detection Reaction-Universal Array (LDR-UA) approach, the HTF-Microbi.Array enables specific detection and approximate relative quantification of 16S rRNAs from 30 phylogenetically related groups of the human intestinal microbiota. The HTF-Microbi.Array was used in a pilot study of the faecal microbiota of eight young adults. Cluster analysis revealed the good reproducibility of the high level taxonomic microbiota fingerprint obtained for each of the subject.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The HTF-Microbi.Array is a fast and sensitive tool for the high taxonomic level fingerprint of the human intestinal microbiota in terms of presence/absence of the principal groups. Moreover, analysis of the relative fluorescence intensity for each probe pair of our LDR-UA platform can provide estimation of the relative abundance of the microbial target groups within each samples. Focusing the phylogenetic resolution at division, order and cluster levels, the HTF-Microbi.Array is blind with respect to the inter-individual variability at the species level.</p
Neuropsychiatric performance and treatment of hepatitis C with direct-acting antivirals: a prospective study
Background: Since direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have been approved for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, a small series of patients with new-onset neuropsychiatric alterations have been referred to us. We therefore set out to study neuropsychiatric function in relation to DAAs prospectively.
Methods: Ten patients with cirrhosis and 12 post-liver transplant (post-LT) patients were enrolled. All underwent wake electroencephalography (EEG) and a neuropsychological evaluation (paper and pencil battery, simple/choice reaction times, working memory task) at baseline, at the end of treatment with DAAs and after 6 months. At the same time points, full blood count, liver/kidney function tests, quantitative HCV RNA, ammonia and immunosuppressant drug levels were obtained, as appropriate.
Results: Patients with cirrhosis were significantly older than post-LT patients (65\ub112 vs 55\ub17 years; P<0.05). Neuropsychological performance and wake EEG were comparable in the two groups at baseline. At the end of a course of treatment with DAAs, a significant slowing in choice reaction times and in the EEG (increased relative delta power) was observed in patients with cirrhosis, which resolved after 6 months. In contrast, no significant changes over time were observed in the neuropsychiatric performance of post-LT patients. No significant associations were observed between neuropsychiatric performance and stand-alone/combined laboratory variables.
Conclusion: Some degree of neuropsychiatric impairment was observed in relation to treatment with DAAs in patients with cirrhosis, but not in post-LT patients, suggesting that the former may be sensitive to mild DAA neurotoxicity
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