Growth and Fatty Acid Composition of Marine Microalga Nannochloropsis SP in Medium Enriched with Magnesium

Micro-algae are to be an attractive way to produce bio-diesel due to high photosynthetic yields and lipid accumulation in cells. This high productivity combined with possibility to uptake CO2 stimulated its utilization as a biological mitigation method of CO2, at once as an alternative renewable source of energy. Growth characteristics and chemical composition of micro-algae can be altered by culture environment. Nutrient sufficiency,included magnesium element (Mg2+) is important factors on overall biochemical composition. In study, Nannochloropsis sp was cultivated in Erlenmeyer 250 ml containing 200 ml f/2 medium. There are three groups of treatment with different levelof magnesium (Mg2+), i.e. 0 (M0); 0.1mgL-1 (M1); and 1.0 mgL-1 (M2). All treatment was designed triplicate in batch system. Culture was then aerated continuously with sterile atmospheric air (1.5 L.min-1). Cells were harvested on 25th day after inoculation and analyzed. Data showed that Chlorophyll-a increased linearly with time and maximum at 18th days of growth period, i.e. 23.57; 26.44; and 27.74mgL-1, for M0; M1; and M2,respectively. Chlorophyll-a content decreased significantly when pH dropped to 5-6.Enrichment with Mg2+ increased the chlorophyll-a content 12.2-17.7%. Dry cell reached 375-400mgL-1 in all treatment. Lipid content of Nannochloropsis sp in control (M0) is 55.3%, higher than M1 and M2. Saturated fatty acid tends to increase from 80.70 (M0)to 96.70 (M1) and 94.53% (M2). Fatty acid of M0 and M1 was composed dominantly by palmitic acid (C16:0), i.e. 49.19-70.75% total fatty acids. Meanwhile, M2 treatment was dominantly by lauric acid (C12:0), i.e. 32.98%

Zona Wisata Kawasan Wisata Alam Air Terjun Madakaripura, Kabupaten Probolinggo

Kabupaten Probolinggo memiliki keindahan wisata alam salah satunya berupa wisata air terjun. Wisata Alam Air Terjun Madakaripura termasuk dalam kawasan hutan lindung dan rawan bencana longsor sehingga pengembangannya membutuhkan pembagian zona wisata yang sesuai dengan karakteristik fisik kawasan wisata alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan zona wisata kawasan wisata alam Air Terjun Madakaripura, Kabupaten Probolinggo. Metode analisa yang digunakan dalam tahapannya adalah analisa Theoritical Deskriptif Kualitatif, teknik analisa Delphi dan analisa teknik Overlay. Hasil penelitian ini berupa zona wisata pada kawasan wisata alam Air Terjun Madakaripura, Kabupaten Probolinggo dengan melihat pada kondisi eksisting serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengembangan kawasan wisata

Co-immunolocalization of Kv1.5 (green) and SAP-97(red) in an aggregate of NZPCs.

<p>Co-immunolocalization of Kv1.5 (green) and SAP-97(red) in an aggregate of NZPCs.</p

Current traces for an NZPC (A) and an IZPC (B).

<p>The cell was held at Vh = −60 mV and clamped in 10-mV increments to various test potentials. Traces were first obtained in the control solution (left), followed by a solution containing 10 µM RSD1379 for 7–9 min (middle). The currents sensitive to 10 µM RSD1379 were then obtained and are shown in the right panel. Plots of the current density-voltage relations in the absence and presence of 10 µM RSD 1379 for both Isus (<b>C</b>) and Ipeak (<b>D</b>) from NZPCs and IZPCs. RSD1379 significantly inhibited Isus and Ipeak in both NZPCs and IZPCs.</p

Co-immunolocalization of Kv1.5 and SAP-97 in a single NZPC (A).

<p><b>B</b>, Costaining of the subcellular surface for Kv1.5 (green) and SAP-97 (red) in an NZPC. <b>C</b>, Localization of Kv1.5 (green) and SAP97 (red) in the cell ID area of an NZPC.<b>D</b>. Analyses of the merged image of Figure 3B illustrating the lack of true colocalization between SAP-97 (red) and Kv1.5 (green).Note the near absence of yellow signals. Scales were inset.</p

Immunolocalization of Kv1.5 in a single NZPC (A) and IZPC (B).

<p>Horizontal scale = 10 µm.</p

Immunolocalization of Kv1.5 and cortactin in an NZPC (A) and IZPC (B).

<p>Enlarged images from the area of the white rectangles are shown in Panel <b>C</b> for NZPC (left) and IZPC (right). Scales were inset.</p

Immunolocalization of Kv1.5 and SAP-97 in IZPCs (A and B).

<p><b>C</b>, Enlarged image showing the colocalization of Kv1.5 and SAP-97 in IDs. <b>D</b>, Enlarged image showing the localization of Kv1.5 (green) and SAP-97 (red) in the center of an IZPC. <b>E</b>, Enlarged image showing the localization of Kv1.5 (green) and SAP-97 (red) at the subcellular surface of an IZPC. Compare to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0106830#pone-0106830-g003" target="_blank">Figure 3B</a>. Scales were inset.</p

Immunolocalization of cortactin and N-cadherin in an NZPC (A) and several IZPCs (B, C and D).

<p>Horizontal scale = 10 µm.</p

Mbechsteinii_Epigenetics

R script used for the data analysis (linear regression, multiple linear regression, LOOCV)