Four-Dimensional Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Applications in Cardiology

Blood flow through the heart and great vessels moves in three dimensions (3D) throughout time. However, the assessment of its 3D nature has been limited in the human body. Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allow for the comprehensive visualization and quantification of in-vivo flow dynamics using four-dimensional (4D) flow MRI. In addition, this technique provides the opportunity to obtain advanced hemodynamic biomarkers such as vorticity, helicity, wall shear stress (WSS), pressure gradients, viscous energy loss (EL), and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). This chapter will introduce 4D flow MRI which is currently used for blood flow visualization and advanced quantification of cardiac hemodynamic biomarkers. We will discuss its advantages relative to other in-vivo flow imaging techniques and describe its potential clinical applications in cardiology

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) excess mortality outcomes associated with pandemic effects study (COPES): A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and aimWith the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continuing to impact healthcare systems around the world, healthcare providers are attempting to balance resources devoted to COVID-19 patients while minimizing excess mortality overall (both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients). To this end, we conducted a systematic review (SR) to describe the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on all-cause excess mortality (COVID-19 and non-COVID-19) during the pandemic timeframe compared to non-pandemic times.MethodsWe searched EMBASE, Cochrane Database of SRs, MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CENTRAL), from inception (1948) to December 31, 2020. We used a two-stage review process to screen/extract data. We assessed risk of bias using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). We used Critical Appraisal and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology.ResultsOf 11,581 citations, 194 studies met eligibility. Of these studies, 31 had mortality comparisons (n = 433,196,345 participants). Compared to pre-pandemic times, during the COVID-19 pandemic, our meta-analysis demonstrated that COVID-19 mortality had an increased risk difference (RD) of 0.06% (95% CI: 0.06–0.06% p < 0.00001). All-cause mortality also increased [relative risk (RR): 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.38–1.70, p < 0.00001] alongside non-COVID-19 mortality (RR: 1.18, 1.07–1.30, p < 0.00001). There was “very low” certainty of evidence through GRADE assessment for all outcomes studied, demonstrating the evidence as uncertain.InterpretationThe COVID-19 pandemic may have caused significant increases in all-cause excess mortality, greater than those accounted for by increases due to COVID-19 mortality alone, although the evidence is uncertain.Systematic review registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetails], identifier [CRD42020201256]

Science Gateway Town Hall meeting

Since it was officially launched in 2019, CERN Science Gateway has been progressing steadily and is on track to open to the public in early 2023. At this Town Hall, we will update you on progress on the building and content development, to which many in the CERN community have contributed. This will be a fully online event,&nbsp;with simultaneous interpretation provided into French. The French webcast is available through this link. You may submit&nbsp;questions here. We will answer as many questions as possible during&nbsp;the meeting.</p

Modélisation par réseaux dynamiques des mouvements de bovins entre fermes et évaluation à une échelle régionale des risques infectieux associés

National audienceLa propagation d’agents pathogènes dans une métapopulation dépend fortement de la structure du réseau de contacts entre les différentes populations. Nous nous intéressons ici au réseau orienté, pondéré et dynamique constitué par les mouvements commerciaux d’animaux entre troupeaux bovins en France. Les propriétés topologiques de ce réseau sont explorées. Le risque lié à la propagation d’agents pathogènes et les conséquences en termes épidémiologiques et économiques sont évalués par des expériences de percolation et par le ratio d’accessibilité du réseau, en prenant en compte l’évolution temporelle de ce réseau. Le risque épidémiologique est également évalué pour des maladies enzootiques bovines telles que la diarrhée virale bovine et la paratuberculose à l’aide d’une modélisation stochastique de la transmission de l’infection couplant les échelles intra- et inter-troupeau

Social–cognitive beliefs, alcohol, and tobacco use: A prospective community study of change following a ban on smoking in public places.

Objective: To examine social-cognitive change associated with behavior change after the introduction of a smoke-free public places policy. Design: Adults (N = 583) who use public houses licensed to sell alcohol (pubs) completed questionnaires assessing alcohol and tobacco consumption and social-cognitive beliefs 2 months prior to the introduction of the smoking ban in England on July 1, 2007. Longitudinal follow-up (N = 272) was 3 months after the introduction of the ban. Main outcome measures: Social-cognitive beliefs, daily cigarette consumption, and weekly alcohol consumption. Results: Smokers consumed considerably more alcohol than did nonsmokers at both time points. However, a significant interaction of Smoking Status × Time showed that while smokers had consumed fewer units of alcohol after the ban, nonsmokers showed an increase over the same period. There was a significant reduction in number of cigarettes consumed after the ban. Subjective norms concerning not smoking, and perceived severity of smoking-related illness increased across time. Negative outcomes associated with not smoking were reduced among former smokers and increased across time among smokers. Regression analyses showed that changes in subjective norm and negative outcome expectancies accounted for significant variance in change in smoking across time. Conclusion: Results suggest that the smoking ban may have positive health benefits that are supported by social-cognitive change. © 2009 American Psychological Association

BESOCIAL: Interview / Survey results WP1

This document is part of the PROMISE project (2017-2019) financed by the Belgian Science Policy Office (Belspo) as part of the BRAIN.be programme and is coordinated by KBR. The State Archives, the universities of Ghent (Research Group for Media, Innovation and Communication Technologies; Ghent Centre for Digital Humanities) and Namur (Research Centre in Information, Law and Society) and the university college Bruxelles-Brabant (Unité de Recherche et de Formation en Sciences de l’Information et de la Documentation) are partners in the project. In the scope of this project, a state-of-the-art report was written based on interviews via mail and Skype with several organizations from different countries. The information in this spreadsheet is a summary of the data collected during this task. A list of all the organisations involved can be found in tab "Annex - List of countries and organizations". In 2020, a new project called BESOCIAL (towards a sustainable social media archiving strategy for Belgium) started in which an updated state-of-the-art report will be written with a focus on archiving social media. Again, the different organizations are surveyed and the data in this spreadsheet is being updated and enhanced