308 research outputs found
Family and Education
The aim of this paper is to examine the intimate link between family and education and reveal the underlying social and educational implications of the former on the latter, concentrating on parental union,
parental involvement, family structure (i.e. the composition of a household, defined by the presence or non-presence of father and mother figures), and religious practice. This review considers these categories
as interrelated and as major determinants of children’s educational success or failure. From our review of the literature, we draw four major observations: (1) intact families
perform the best on all measurable educational outcomes; (2) parental involvement, predicated on strong parental unity, strongly improves educational
outcomes and behavior; (3) the children of married twoparent biological family perform best academically across the spectrum; and (4) religious practice, mediated through the family, protects and improves the educational
attainment of children. Together, these data
make a compelling case for the close connection between education and family
High-Frequency Fractional Predictions and Spatial Distribution of the Magnetic Loss in a Grain-Oriented Magnetic Steel Lamination
Grain-oriented silicon steel (GO FeSi) laminations are vital components for efficient energy conversion in electromagnetic devices. While traditionally optimized for power frequencies of 50/60 Hz, the pursuit of higher frequency operation (f ≥ 200 Hz) promises enhanced power density. This paper introduces a model for estimating GO FeSi laminations’ magnetic behavior under these elevated operational frequencies. The proposed model combines the Maxwell diffusion equation and a material law derived from a fractional differential equation, capturing the viscoelastic characteristics of the magnetization process. Remarkably, the model’s dynamical contribution, characterized by only two parameters, achieves a notable 4.8% Euclidean relative distance error across the frequency spectrum from 50 Hz to 1 kHz. The paper’s initial section offers an exhaustive description of the model, featuring comprehensive comparisons between simulated and measured data. Subsequently, a methodology is presented for the localized segregation of magnetic losses into three conventional categories: hysteresis, classical, and excess, delineated across various tested frequencies. Further leveraging the model’s predictive capabilities, the study extends to investigating the very high-frequency regime, elucidating the spatial distribution of loss contributions. The application of proportional–iterative learning control facilitates the model’s adaptation to standard characterization conditions, employing sinusoidal imposed flux density. The paper deliberates on the implications of GO FeSi behavior under extreme operational conditions, offering insights and reflections essential for understanding and optimizing magnetic core performance in high-frequency applications
Testing the Effect of Consumer-Model Racial Congruency on Consumer Behaviour
Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic (BAME) models continue to be underrepresented in advertising within the fashion and beauty industry. The present research project aims to evaluate the impact of same-raced model adverts on consumer behavior as well as testing consumer-model racial congruence with a specific focus on Black models and consumers, the latter of whom feel especially underrepresented in advertising campaigns. Two studies were conducted. In Study 1, 120 female participants (38 Black, 82 Caucasian) viewed 28 perfume advertisements featuring 14 Black and 14 Caucasian models. Participants rated their likelihood of purchasing the perfume and how much money they would be willing to spend. In Study 2, 99 female participants (34 Black, 65 Caucasian) made the same ratings in Study 1, but this time they rated images fragrances without any models present. Participants were divided into three conditions: (1) participants who received no priming, (2) participants were primed with images of Black models, and (3) participants were primed with images of Caucasian models. Both studies highlighted that Black participants showed an increased intention of buying as well as a willingness to spend a higher amount of money when the product advertised is accompanied by images of Black models. Consumer-model racial congruence was not supported for Caucasian participants. This article highlights a participant-model racial congruence for Black participants and underlines the positive impact of inclusive fashion on BAME consumers
Fractal geometry of spin-glass models
Stability and diversity are two key properties that living entities share
with spin glasses, where they are manifested through the breaking of the phase
space into many valleys or local minima connected by saddle points. The
topology of the phase space can be conveniently condensed into a tree
structure, akin to the biological phylogenetic trees, whose tips are the local
minima and internal nodes are the lowest-energy saddles connecting those
minima. For the infinite-range Ising spin glass with p-spin interactions, we
show that the average size-frequency distribution of saddles obeys a power law
, where w=w(s) is the number of minima that can be
connected through saddle s, and D is the fractal dimension of the phase space
Chapter Green Nanotechnology: Development of Nanomaterials for Environmental and Energy Applications
This book chapter discusses the syntheses of various nanomaterials, for green nanotechnology applications in detail. Special attention is given to the development of emerging areas, such as environmental as well as energy materials. Various approaches for preparing nanostructured photocatalysts, such as titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, and metal sulfides, different conventional methods and novel methods, including sol-gel methods, hydrothermal methods, microwave-assisted methods and sonochemical methods are introduced. The use of nanomaterials as photocatalysts, supporting materials for solar cells, and disinfectants is reported for environmental remediation and energy applications. Advanced applications of nanomaterials for water detoxification, air purification, and the inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms in water as well as dye-sensitized solar cells is also discussed. The enhancement of selectivity of photocatalysis, especially TiO2 systems, for the destruction of target contaminants in water is comprehensively presented. Finally, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radical (•OH), superoxide anion radical (O2•-), singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), in semiconductor photocatalysis is introduced and various experimental techniques to detect ROS are also discussed
A trigger-substrate model for smiling during an automated formative quiz: engagement is the substrate, not frustration
INTRODUCTION: Automated tutoring systems aim to respond to the learner’s cognitive state in order to maintain engagement. The end-user’s state might be inferred by interactive timings, bodily movements or facial expressions. Problematic computerized stimuli are known to cause smiling during periods of frustration.
METHODS: Forty-four seated, healthy participants (age range 18-35, 18 male) used a handheld trackball to answer a computer-presented, formative, 3-way multiple choice geography quiz, with 9 questions, lasting a total of 175 seconds. Frontal facial videos (10 Hz) were collected with a webcam and processed for facial expressions by CrowdEmotion using a pattern recognition algorithm. Interactivity was recorded by a keystroke logger (Inputlog 5.2). Subjective responses were collected immediately after each quiz using a panel
of visual analogue scales (VAS).
RESULTS: Smiling was fie-fold enriched during the instantaneous feedback segments of the quiz, and this was correlated with VAS ratings for engagement but not with happiness or frustration. Nevertheless, smiling rate was significantly higher after wrong answers compared to correct ones, and frustration was correlated with the number of questions answered
incorrectly.
CONCLUSION: The apparent disconnect between the increased smiling during incorrect answers but the lack of correlation between VAS frustration and smiles suggests a trigger-substrate model where engagement is the permissive substrate, while the noises made by the quiz after wrong answers may be the trigger
Dopamine transporter trafficking and Rit2 GTPase: Mechanism of action and in vivo impact
Following its evoked release, DA signaling is rapidly terminated by presynaptic reuptake, mediated by the cocaine-sensitive DAT. DAT surface availability is dynamically regulated by endocytic trafficking, and direct PKC activation acutely diminishes DAT surface expression by accelerating DAT internalization. Previous cell line studies demonstrated that PKC-stimulated DAT endocytosis requires both Ack1 inactivation, which releases a DAT-specific endocytic brake, and the neuronal GTPase, Rit2, which binds DAT. However, it is unknown whether Rit2 is required for PKC-stimulated DAT endocytosis in DAergic terminals, or whether there are region- and/or sex-dependent differences in PKC-stimulated DAT trafficking. Moreover, the mechanisms by which Rit2 controls PKC-stimulated DAT endocytosis are unknown. Here, we directly examined these important questions. Ex vivo studies revealed that PKC activation acutely decreased DAT surface expression selectively in ventral, but not dorsal, striatum. AAV-mediated, conditional Rit2 knockdown in DAergic neurons impacted baseline DAT surface:intracellular distribution in DAergic terminals from female ventral, but not dorsal, striatum. Further, Rit2 was required for PKC-stimulated DAT internalization in both male and female ventral striatum. FRET and surface pulldown studies in cell lines revealed that PKC activation drives DAT-Rit2 surface dissociation, and that the DAT N-terminus is required for both PKC-mediated DAT-Rit2 dissociation and DAT internalization. Finally, we found that Rit2 and Ack1 independently converge on DAT to facilitate PKC-stimulated DAT endocytosis. Together, our data provide greater insight into mechanisms that mediate PKC-regulated DAT internalization, and reveal unexpected region-specific differences in PKC-stimulated DAT trafficking in bona fide DAergic terminals
Bowel associated dermatosis – arthritis syndrome: a case report
We report a rare case of Bowel Associated Dermatosis – Arthritis Syndrome in a young patient with complex Crohn's disease who presented with fever, arthritis, rash and worsening of diarrhea with abdominal pain, who promptly responded to a short course of steroids
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