Géométries du pouvoir dans les espaces et les lieux sportifs : les paradoxes de la différence et de l’exclusion

Cet article explore la signification de l’espace comme un « lieu pratiqué » selon la notion reprise à Michel de Certeau, en examinant la construction d’un gymnase et ses effets sur les relations sociales et les réseaux disciplinaires. Tout comme le laboratoire ou le théâtre, le gymnase a été spécifiquement pensé pour permettre certaines actions et en témoigner, en reflétant des conceptions de l’entraînement et de l’éducation corporelle. Ses divers agencements de l’espace y favorisent une incorporation de la race, du lieu, du genre et de l’identité. Le War Memorial Gymnasium de l’Université de Colombie britannique dans l’Ouest du Canada, construit en 1851, est utilisé pour illustrer la manière dont, sous des formes complexes, les géométries du pouvoir – ces multiples configurations de l’espace et des relations sociales à l’intérieur et autour du gymnase – produisent dans ses murs une culture didactique et sportive aux enjeux véritablement stratégiques et tactiques, qui active et articule les division de genre.This paper explores the meaning of a sense of place through Michel de Certeau’s notion of ‘space as a practiced place’ by examining the making of a gymnasium and its effects upon social relations and disciplinary knowledge. Just as in the laboratory or the theatre, gymnasia were specially designed to execute and witness particular kinds of actions, reflecting particular notions of the training and education of the body while their various orderings of space embodied constructions of race, place, gender and identity. The War Memorial Gymnasium at the University of British Columbia in Western Canada, built in 1951, is used to illustrate how power geometries – those multiple configurations of space and social relations within and around the gym – played out in complex ways as the sporting and didactic culture was produced strategically and tactically within its walls and gender divisions were activated and articulated

Natational Dress: Functionality, Fashion and the Fracturing of Separate Spheres in Victorian Britain

In 1873, The Englishwoman's Domestic Magazine extolled the values of swimming for women and gave advice on the best form of bathing dress, one which preserved modesty and met the demands of contemporary fashion. This essentially impractical type of bathing outfit has been the subject of much of the historiography surrounding female swimming costumes but it was not the only swimming dress on show during the “long” Victorian period. The women of all classes who participated in more serious swimming required something functional rather than fashionable while working-class professional natationists, who appeared regularly in water shows throughout the country, wore attire that combined functionality, tight to the body while allowing freedom of movement, with public appeal, a critical consideration for female exhibitors. Their activities and costumes challenged prevailing notions of “separate spheres” and this paper explores Victorian aquatic dress in the context of class, gender and social space

Géométries du pouvoir dans les espaces et les lieux sportifs : les paradoxes de la différence et de l'exclusion

Les espaces dévolus aux infrastructures des sports modernes, tels les gymnases, étudiés comme espaces sexués, participant de la construction de corps sexués. Le genre au gymnase : l'espace sexué par la pratique sportive et par l'éducation physique; un gymnase réservé : les règlements sportifs adaptés aux filles dans le gymnase des femmes; des espaces en évolution : un gymnase moderniste à l'époque post-moderne : 'les femmes sportives sont en train d'apprendre que leur appropriation de l'espace et du lieu continue à porter en elle la possibilité et le risque de renforcer, tout en les contestant, les idéaux traditionnels du genre

Education for sexual morality : moral reform and the regulation of American sexual behaviour in the nineteenth century

The introduction of sex education into the schools in the early years of the twentieth century represented a curious culmination of the hopes and aspirations of nineteenth century moral reformers. Though, for almost a century, they had repeatedly warned that ignorance and silence would not facilitate sexual purity, they had succeeded in developing measures for the dissemination of sexual knowledge which were, in many cases, as stringently circumscribed in content as had been the policy of silence. Under the assumption that the sex education movement can be better understood by giving more attention to the 'old regime', this study surveys the continuing endeavors of nineteenth century moral reformers to preserve a traditional morality in the face of rapidly changing social conditions. The investigation shows that sexual immorality emerged as a social problem after the 1830's in response to changing perceptions of deviant behavior. Changing attitudes toward sexual deviancy were fostered by a perceived increase in prostitution and by a group of moral physiologists who asserted that sexual misbehavior was widespread and harmful to society. According to the moral physiology viewpoint, sexual hygiene was sexual morality, and education for one would result in education for the other. This view became popular and was disseminated by diverse groups of moral reformers, child nurture experts and women's rights advocates through a number of reform activities which are explored in this study. Their efforts, which generally included conditioning techniques and sex instruction, were almost always directed at the family. Only when reformers agreed that parents had shown themselves inadequate to perform their duties of sex education did they attempt to extend their arena of operations to the school. The sex education movement, therefore, represented an exchange of the home for the school as the principal agency of sexual instruction. Despite the change of educational vehicle, the assumptions underlying the objectives of the movement reflected long seasoned and conservative sexual attitudes.Education, Faculty ofGraduat

Physical Culture Practices : New Historical Work on Women and Gender INTRODUCTION

Article, editorial lette

Physical Culture Practices : New Historical Work on Women and Gender INTRODUCTION

Article, editorial lette