Low-level laser therapy in the management of skin wound healing

Introduction: Tissue repair and skin wound healing are complex processes that involve a series of dynamic events, including coagulation, inflammation, granulation tissue formation, wound contraction and tissue remodeling. The need to care for patients with difficulties in wound healing is a growing challenge and requires innovative strategies. One approach that stands out in the treatment of these injuries is low-power laser therapy. This study aims to demonstrate the applicability and results of a low-power laser therapy protocol in the management of skin wound healing. Methods: This is a retrospective case review study reporting the use of laser in the treatment of skin wounds in a single center. Results: We evaluated the results of the implementation of this low-power laser therapy protocol and reported five cases of patients with skin wounds that did not improve with conventional treatment. The lesions were located in different places, with lesions on the trunk, upper limb and lower limb. The five cases showed a good response to laser therapy, evolving with wound healing in a short period of time, with an average healing time of 48 days. Conclusion: It is concluded that low power laser therapy when applied to skin wounds suggests a beneficial, promising action and has the potential to increase the therapeutic options available to the surgeon, however as we report a number of five cases, further studies are needed for check laser efficiency on wounds

CORREÇÃO DO SORRISO COM HIPERPLASIA GENGIVAL PÓS TRATAMENTO ORTODÔNTICO. UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA.

The present study aims to present ways of treating and correcting a smile with gingival hyperplasia after orthodontic treatment. An extensive literature review was carried out to identify relevant studies regarding the proposal of the present study. Electronic databases, such as: Scientific Electronic Library (Scielo), Google Scholar, Pubmed, were consulted to obtain published articles. Gingival hyperplasia is common during orthodontic treatment, due to poor oral hygiene, as orthodontic accessories do not cause damage to the gingival tissues. With this, it is concluded that basic periodontal therapy associated with good oral hygiene proved to be essential for achieving successful treatment of gingival hyperplasia. Periodontal gingivectomy and gingivoplasty surgeries, when well indicated, promote good aesthetics and harmony of the smile, contributing positively to the oral health and quality of life of patients.O presente estudo possui como objetivo apresentar as formas de tratamento e correção de sorriso com hiperplasia gengival pós tratamento ortodôntico. Realizou-se uma extensa revisão da literatura para identificar estudos relevantes acerca da proposta do presente estudo. Bases de dados eletrônicas, como : Scientific Eletronic Library (Scielo), Google Acadêmico, Pubmed, foram consultadas para obter artigos publicados. A hiperplasia gengival é algo comum durante o tratamento ortodôntico, devido a uma má higienização oral, pois, os acessórios ortodônticos não causam danos aos tecidos gengivais. Com isto, conclui-se que a terapia periodontal básica associada a uma boa higienização oral, mostrou-se essencial para obtenção de sucesso do tratamento da hiperplasia gengival. As cirurgias periodontais de gengivectomia e gengivoplastia quando bem indicadas, promovem uma boa estética e harmonia do sorriso, contribuindo positivamente na saúde bucal e na qualidade de vida dos pacientes

Immunization of Experimental Dogs With Salivary Proteins From Lutzomyia longipalpis, Using DNA and Recombinant Canarypox Virus Induces Immune Responses Consistent With Protection Against Leishmania infantum

Metacyclic Leishmania promastigotes are transmitted by sand flies that inject parasites and saliva into the host's skin. Previous studies have demonstrated that DNA plasmids encoding Lutzomyia longipalpis salivary proteins LJM17 and LJL143, when used to immunize dogs, resulted in a systemic and local Th1 cell-mediated immunity that interfered in parasite survival in vitro. Here we evaluated the ability of these same salivary antigens to induce anti-Leishmania immunity and to confer protection by immunizing dogs using a novel vaccination strategy more suitable for use in the field. The strategy consisted of a single dose of plasmid followed by two doses of recombinant Canarypoxvirus (rCanarypoxvirus) expressing L. longipalpis salivary proteins (LJM17 or LJL143). Thirty days after the final immunization, dogs were intradermally challenged with 107Leishmania infantum promastigotes in the presence of L. longipalpis saliva. We followed the experimentally infected dogs for 10 months to characterize clinical, parasitological, and immunological parameters. Upon vaccination, all immunized dogs presented strong and specific humoral responses with increased serum concentrations of IFN-γ, TNF, IL-7, and IL-15. The serum of dogs immunized with LJM17 also exhibited high levels of IL-2, IL-6, and IL-18. L. infantum infection was established in all experimental groups as evidenced by the presence of anti-Leishmania IgG, and by parasite detection in the spleen and skin. Dogs immunized with LJM17-based vaccines presented higher circulating levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-15, IL-18, TNF, CXCL10, and GM-CSF post-infection when compared with controls. Results demonstrated that relevant Leishmania-specific immune responses were induced following vaccination of dogs with L. longipalpis salivary antigen LJM17 administered in a single priming dose of plasmid DNA, followed by two booster doses of recombinant Canarypox vector. Importantly, a significant increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines known to be relevant for protection against leishmaniasis was evidenced after challenging LJM17-vaccinated dogs as compared to controls. Although similar results were observed following immunization with LJL143, the pro-inflammatory response observed after immunization was attenuated following infection. Collectively, these data suggest that the LJM17-based vaccine induced an immune profile consistent with the expected protective immunity against canine leishmaniosis. These results clearly support the need for further evaluation of the LJM17 antigen, using a heterologous prime-boost vaccination strategy against canine visceral leishmaniosis (CVL)

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Studies of the mass composition of cosmic rays and proton-proton interaction cross-sections at ultra-high energies with the Pierre Auger Observatory

In this work, we present an estimate of the cosmic-ray mass composition from the distributions of the depth of the shower maximum (Xmax) measured by the fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. We discuss the sensitivity of the mass composition measurements to the uncertainties in the properties of the hadronic interactions, particularly in the predictions of the particle interaction cross-sections. For this purpose, we adjust the fractions of cosmic-ray mass groups to fit the data with Xmax distributions from air shower simulations. We modify the proton-proton cross-sections at ultra-high energies, and the corresponding air shower simulations with rescaled nucleus-air cross-sections are obtained via Glauber theory. We compare the energy-dependent composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays obtained for the different extrapolations of the proton-proton cross-sections from low-energy accelerator data

Study of downward Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The surface detector (SD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory, consisting of 1660 water-Cherenkov detectors (WCDs), covers 3000 km2 in the Argentinian pampa. Thanks to the high efficiency of WCDs in detecting gamma rays, it represents a unique instrument for studying downward Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) over a large area. Peculiar events, likely related to downward TGFs, were detected at the Auger Observatory. Their experimental signature and time evolution are very different from those of a shower produced by an ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray. They happen in coincidence with low thunderclouds and lightning, and their large deposited energy at the ground is compatible with that of a standard downward TGF with the source a few kilometers above the ground. A new trigger algorithm to increase the TGF-like event statistics was installed in the whole array. The study of the performance of the new trigger system during the lightning season is ongoing and will provide a handle to develop improved algorithms to implement in the Auger upgraded electronic boards. The available data sample, even if small, can give important clues about the TGF production models, in particular, the shape of WCD signals. Moreover, the SD allows us to observe more than one point in the TGF beam, providing information on the emission angle