La concentration spatiale relative de la criminalité et son analyse : vers un renouvellement de la criminologie environnementale

This particular article describes and applies one type of analysis borrowed from regional economics and regional planning to look at macro to micro patterns in criminal activity. The technique is called Location Quotients and is used to analyse the relative mix of crimes across areas. Location Quotients are shown to have their strongest potential in microanalysis of crime patterns. As an initial test of the technique's relativistic analytic value. Location Quotients for motor vehicle theft were calculated for several levels within a Canadian cone of resolution that descends from the provincial level to the individual level in the municipality of Burnaby, British Columbia

Crime Generators and Crime Attractors: Updates to Research

Crime Attractor and Crime Generator research is advancing rapidly. Research explores the context of criminal events by looking at the awareness space of offenders and victims and location of targets and explores how mobility in an urban environment and the mosaic of the urban landscape influences safety, perceived safety, human agency and decision making. Research finds a heavy concentration of crime at major attractor nodes, primary pathways to these nodes and along sharp edges separating neighborhood

Crime Pattern Visualization

An overview of crime pattern visualization for urban areas with a focus on crime pattern visualizations for Metro Vancouver.&nbsp

The Use of Virtual and Mixed Reality Environments for Urban Behavioural Studies

ABSTRACT Virtual/mixed reality 3D models of real-world environments can be used to run behavioural and other experiments with real human subjects, replacing the traditional approach where studies are conducted in physical environments. Use of the virtual/mixed reality environments can minimize problems related to feasibility, experimental control, ethics and cost, but care must be taken to ensure that the environments are immersive and create "suspension of disbelief". In this position paper the issues involved are discussed and illustrated by a 3D virtual model of an urban environment that is being used to study the role of fear in pedestrian navigation

A Crime Aggregation Model on Street Networks (CAMOSNet)

In this article, we develop a mathematical framework to model crime and crime concentrations on a city road network. The model proposed is an advancement to similar frameworks inspired by a model introduced by Short et al. (2008). A significant modification introduced in our model is the use of spectral graph theory to represent the road network and to simulate diffusion throughout the network. The techniques discussed are tested in a simulation model of crime applied to the city of Vancouver, BC, Canada. The simulations presented are based off of empirical data of crime in Vancouver along with its street network. Results of the simulations present crime patterns that are consistent with crime patterns observed in the city

Perceptions of Crime in a Dreadful Enclosure

Author Institution: Department of Criminology; Department of Criminology; School of Criminology, Florida State UniversityThe environmental context for this research is Alumni Village, a married student housmg complex on the campus of Florida State University. Alumni Village was analyzed as an example of a dreadful enclosure which can be defined as a largescale housing estate or development which possesses a reputation as the home of thieves and cutthroats. Perceptions of the safety of the complex by its residents were obtained through use of a set of mental maps which were constructed by resident respondents. The method utilized in this study was derived in large part from Kevin Lynch's (1960) urban image delineation methodology. An analysis of the match between perceptions as recorded in mental maps and a known crime measure was carried out. Conclusions were drawn about policy improvements on the part of both the policing service and the management service for the complex

Pathways of Crime: Measuring Crime Concentration Along Urban Roadways

Some urban spaces are associated with disproportionate numbers of criminal events, while other areas are relatively free from disorder and crime. The relationship between urban space and crime concentration has received increased attention in recent years, with the location quotient frequently presented as a tool to identify and quantify such concentration. This measure has several limitations, with one significant concern surrounding the choice of denominator with which to standardize local and global rate calculations. In response, we present a new methodological adaptation to the location quotient, improving the measurement of crime concentration along linear features. To test this adaptation, we measure how crime concentrates by road classification at both a macro and micro level within two Canadian suburban municipalities. Using transportation network data, we identify the road types that are associated with a disproportionate concentration of criminal events, and illustrate how these relationships change alongside the level of aggregation. Results support the use of the adapted location quotient, finding that criminal events concentrate along specific road types, and emphasize the importance of spatial scale in understanding local relationships between crime and the built urban landscape