Les déterminants psychologiques de la performance au travail. Un bilan des connaissances et proposition de voies de recherche

Paradoxalement, le concept de performance individuelle au travail est particulièrement étudié dans les travaux de gestion des ressources humaines, de comportement organisationnel et de psychologie organisationnelle/industrielle, sans pour autant être clairement défini, conceptualisé et sans pour autant produire des résultats empiriques exploitables. Ce paradoxe s'explique probablement par la nature des travaux académiques qui ont été conduits jusqu'à présent sur le concept de performance individuelle au travail. Ils ont très largement porté sur les critères de mesure de la performance et très peu sur le statut conceptuel qui sous-tend le construit (Motowidlo, 2003). Les travaux de recherche se sont focalisés, d'une part, sur les techniques de mesure de la performance individuelle, telles que l'évaluation par les supérieurs, et plus récemment sous forme de 360°, ou encore, en fonction d'indices de productivité, de qualité de service, de délai de production, de livraison, etc., d'autre part, sur les conséquences directes et indirectes de la performance, telles que l'absentéisme, le turnover, les rétributions salariales, les promotions, etc., enfin, sur les déterminants individuels de nature psychologique (motivation, implication, satisfaction, etc.).gestion des ressources humaines;performance au travail;comportement au travail

Les déterminants psychologiques de la performance au travail. Un bilan des connaissances et proposition de voies de recherche

Une version courte et modifiée de ce manuscrit est soumise à S. St-Onge et V. Haines, pour un ouvrage à paraître en 2007 chez De Boeck, sur la gestion des performancesParadoxalement, le concept de performance individuelle au travail est particulièrement étudié dans les travaux de gestion des ressources humaines, de comportement organisationnel et de psychologie organisationnelle/industrielle, sans pour autant être clairement défini, conceptualisé et sans pour autant produire des résultats empiriques exploitables. Ce paradoxe s'explique probablement par la nature des travaux académiques qui ont été conduits jusqu'à présent sur le concept de performance individuelle au travail. Ils ont très largement porté sur les critères de mesure de la performance et très peu sur le statut conceptuel qui sous-tend le construit (Motowidlo, 2003). Les travaux de recherche se sont focalisés, d'une part, sur les techniques de mesure de la performance individuelle, telles que l'évaluation par les supérieurs, et plus récemment sous forme de 360°, ou encore, en fonction d'indices de productivité, de qualité de service, de délai de production, de livraison, etc., d'autre part, sur les conséquences directes et indirectes de la performance, telles que l'absentéisme, le turnover, les rétributions salariales, les promotions, etc., enfin, sur les déterminants individuels de nature psychologique (motivation, implication, satisfaction, etc.)

La performance individuelle au travail et ses déterminants psychologiques

International audienc

La performance individuelle au travail et ses déterminants psychologiques

International audienc

Additional file 1: of Efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound-assisted hepatic resection (HIFU-AR) on blood loss reduction in patients with liver metastases requiring hepatectomy: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

SPIRIT checklist. (DOC 120 kb

A Promising Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Patients with Advanced PDAC: The Stromal Protein βig-h3

With an overall survival rate of 2–9% at 5 years, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is currently the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the industrialized world and is predicted to become the second by 2030. Owing to often late diagnosis and rare actionable molecular alterations, PDAC has not yet benefited from the recent therapeutic advances that immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have provided in other cancer types, except in specific subgroups of patients presenting with tumors with high mutational burden (TMB) or microsatellite instability (MSI). The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a substantial role in therapeutic resistance by facilitating immune evasion. An extracellular stromal protein, βig-h3/TGFβi, is involved in the pathogenesis of PDAC by hampering T cell activation and promoting stiffness of the TME. The study BIGHPANC included 41 patients with metastatic PDAC, and analyzed βig-h3 levels in serum and tumor samples to assess the βig-h3 prognostic value. βig-h3 serum levels are significantly associated with overall survival (HR 2.05, 95%CI 1.07–3.93; p = 0.0301). Our results suggest that βig-h3 serum levels may be considered a prognostic biomarker in patients with metastatic PDAC

Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis in the elderly: A case-controlled, multicenter study

International audienceOBJECTIVE:This study was designed to identify factors associated with morbidity and mortality in patients older than 70 years who underwent cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC).BACKGROUND:Major surgery is associated with higher morbidity and mortality in elderly patients. For PC, CRS and HIPEC is the only current potential curative therapy, but the risks inherent to this patient population have called its benefits into question.METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed a multi-center database from 1989 to 2015. All patients who underwent CRS and HIPEC for PC were selected and patients older than 70 years were matched 1:4 with a younger cohort according to cancer origin, peritoneal cancer index (PCI), and completeness of cytoreduction. Major morbidity and mortality were analyzed.RESULTS:Of 2328 patients, 188 patients older than aged 70 years were matched with 704 younger patients. Patients older than aged 70 years demonstrated a higher American Society of Anesthesiologist score (≥ASA III 10.8 vs. 6.6 %, p = 0.008). There was no difference in overall 90-day morbidity (≥70: 45.7 % vs. 7 (95 % CI 1.051-5.798, p = 0.038) and HIPEC duration (95 % CI 1.106-6.235, p = 0.028) were independent factors associated with morbidity in elderly patients.CONCLUSIONS:CRS and HIPEC appear feasible for selected patients older than aged 70 years, albeit with a higher risk of medical complications associated with increased mortality

Efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound-assisted hepatic resection (HIFU-AR) on blood loss reduction in patients with liver metastases requiring hepatectomy: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

International audienceAbstractBackgroundLiver resection is the only potentially curative treatment for colorectal liver metastases (LM). It is considered a safe procedure, but is often associated with blood loss during liver transection. Blood transfusions are frequently needed, but they are associated with increased morbidity and risk of recurrence. Many surgical devices have been developed to decrease blood loss. However, none of them has proven superior to the standard crushing technique. We developed a new, powerful intra-operative high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) transducer which destroys tissue by coagulative necrosis. We aim to evaluate whether HIFU-assisted liver resection (HIFU-AR) results in reduced blood loss.MethodsThis is a prospective, single-centre, randomized (1:1 ratio), comparative, open-label phase II study. Patients with LM requiring a hepatectomy for ≥ 2 segments will be included. Patients with cirrhosis or sinusoidal obstruction syndrome with portal hypertension will be excluded. The primary endpoint is normalized blood loss in millilitres per square centimetre of liver section plane. Secondary endpoints are: total blood loss, transection time, transection time per square centimetre of liver area, haemostasis time, clip density on the liver section area, rate and duration of the Pringle manœuvre, rate of patients needing a blood transfusion, length of hospital stay, morbidity, patients with positive resection margin, and local recurrence. Assuming a blood loss of 7.6 ± 3.7 mL/cm2 among controls, the study will have 85% power to detect a twofold decrease of blood loss in the experimental arm, using a Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) rank-sum test with a 0.05 two-sided significance level. Twenty-one randomized patients per arm are required. Considering the risk of contraindications at surgery, up to eight patients may be enrolled in addition to the 42 planned, with an enrolment period of 24 months. Randomization will be stratified by surgeon.DiscussionWe previously demonstrated the safety and efficacy of intra-operative HIFU in patients operated on for LM. We also demonstrated the efficacy of HIFU-AR in a preclinical study. Participants in the HIFU-AR group of this randomized trial can expect to benefit from reduced blood loss and decreased ischemia of liver parenchyma.Trial registrationClinicaltrial.gov, NCT02728167. Registered on 22 March 2016