Techniques of intestinal transplantation in rat

Two surgical models of intestinal transplantation in the rat are described. One is the implantation of fetal and newborn intestine as free grafts into the omentum of adult recipients, the other the adult intestine transplantation as an accessory graft using vascular anastomoses. A hundred and sixteen small-bowel transplantations were done; 36 of which were fetal intestine (group I), 40 of newborn intestine (group II), and 40 of adult intestine (group III). In the fetal and newborn intestinal transplantation, we emphasize the practices that allowed us to avoid ischemic and traumatic injury to the graft. In the adult intestine transplantation with vascular anastomoses, we heighten the modifications in the surgical technique that made the operation easier and the strategies used to prevent hypothermia and hypovolemic shock. Once experienced with the two chosen surgical techniques, transplantation using an avascular segment became much easier and quicker than transplantation with vascular anastomoses. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 18:424-429, 199

Anatomic Aspects of Inguinal Lymph Nodes Applied to Lymphadenectomy in Penile Cancer

Objectives. To provide a better understanding of the distribution of inguinal nodes in order to prevent the complications of unnecessary and extended dissections in penile cancer. Methods. The bilateral inguinal regions of 19 male cadavers were dissected. Nodal distribution was noted and quantified based on anatomical location. The superficial nodes were subdivided into quarters as follows: superomedial, superolateral, inferomedial, and inferolateral. Statistical analysis was performed comparing node distribution between quarters using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the unpaired T-test was used between superficial and deep nodes. Results. Superficial nodes were found in all inguinal regions studied (mean = 13.60), and their distribution was more prominent in the superomedial quarter (mean = 3.94) and less in the inferolateral quarter (mean = 2.73). There was statistical significance between quarters when comparing the upper group with the lower one (P = 0.02). Nodes were widely distributed in the superficial region compared with deep lymph nodes (mean = 13.60 versus 1.71, P < 0.001). Conclusions. A great number of inguinal lymph nodes are distributed near the classical anatomical landmarks for inguinal lymphadenectomy, more prominent in upper quadrants

Differential and converging molecular mechanisms of antidepressants' action in the hippocampal dentate gyrus

Major depression is a highly prevalent, multidimensional disorder. Although several classes of antidepressants (ADs) are currently available, treatment efficacy is limited, and relapse rates are high; thus, there is a need to find better therapeutic strategies. Neuroplastic changes in brain regions such as the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) accompany depression and its amelioration with ADs. In this study, the unpredictable chronic mild stress (uCMS) rat model of depression was used to determine the molecular mediators of chronic stress and the targets of four ADs with different pharmacological profiles (fluoxetine, imipramine, tianeptine, and agomelatine) in the hippocampal DG. All ADs, except agomelatine, reversed the depression-like behavior and neuroplastic changes produced by uCMS. Chronic stress induced significant molecular changes that were generally reversed by fluoxetine, imipramine, and tianeptine. Fluoxetine primarily acted on neurons to reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory response genes and increased a set of genes involved in cell metabolism. Similarities were found between the molecular actions and targets of imipramine and tianeptine that activated pathways related to cellular protection. Agomelatine presented a unique profile, with pronounced effects on genes related to Rho-GTPase-related pathways in oligodendrocytes and neurons. These differential molecular signatures of ADs studied contribute to our understanding of the processes implicated in the onset and treatment of depression-like symptoms.Patricia Patricio, Antonio Mateus-Pinheiro, Monica Morais, and Nuno Dinis Alves received fellowships from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT). Michal Korostynski and Marcin Piechota were funded by the POIG De-Me-Ter 3.1 and NCN 2011/03/D/NZ3/01686 grants. This study was co-funded by the Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS) and ON. 2-O NOVO NORTE-North Portugal Regional Operational Programme 2007/2013, of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) 2007/ 2013, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and by the SwitchBox Consortium (Contract FP7-Health-F2-2010-259772 from the European Union). The authors declare no conflict of interest

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Preface

[Excerpt] Occupational and Environmental Safety and Health is a compilation of the most recent work of some selected authors from 14 countries within the domain of occupational safety and health (OSH). The included works are focused on selected topics, including occupational safety, risk assessment, safety management, ergo-nomics, management systems, environmental ergonomics, physical environments, construction safety and human factors, among others. This book represents the state of the art and it is mainly based on research carried out at universities and other research institutions, as well as some on-field inter-ventions and case studies. Due to the broad scope, relevance and originality of the contributions, it is expected that this book contains useful and up-to-date infor-mation, and it presents fundamentally scientific research that is being carried out in the subject, as well as it contributes to the outreach of practical tools and approaches currently used by OSH practitioners in a global context. All the included contri-butions were selected based on their potential to show the newest research and approaches, giving visibility to emerging issues and presenting new solutions in the field of occupational safety and health. [...](undefined

Foreword [Occupational Safety and Hygiene III]

[Excerpt] This book is the third edition of this series of publications that are entitled “Occupational Safety and Hygiene”. The main contributions for this book were, once again, the works previously submitted and approved to be presented at the annual Symposium of the Portuguese Society of Occupational Safety and Hygiene (SPOSHO), which is celebrating its 11th edition in 2015. The SHO2015—International Symposium on Occupational Safety and Hygiene, similarly to the past seven years, was held in the School of Engineering at University of Minho in Guimarães, Portugal