24 research outputs found
Agronegócio de países selecionados: análise de sustentabilidade entre o PIB e emissões de CO2
Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi mensurar e comparar a cadeia produtiva do agronegócio em 64 países e o restante do mundo considerando as variáveis renda (Produto Interno Bruto - PIB) e emissões de dióxido de carbono por queima de combustíveis fósseis entre os anos de 2005 e 2015 com metodologia baseada na matriz de insumo-produto. O PIB do agronegócio no ano de 2005 era de cerca de 6 trilhões de dólares em valores correntes e participava com 13,6% do PIB mundial e passou para 11 trilhões de dólares em 2015 (15,3%). O agronegócio gerou aproximadamente dois bilhões de toneladas de dióxido de carbono no ano de 2005, com participação de 8,5% nas emissões totais, e as emissões aumentaram cerca de 166 milhões de toneladas entre 2005 e 2015, porém a participação no total diminuiu para 7,6%. Os maiores emissores globais (setor produtivo e agronegócio) no ano de 2015 foram China, Estados Unidos, Índia e Rússia, respectivamente. Os resultados do indicador de sustentabilidade emissões por unidade de renda mostraram que na maior parte dos países o agronegócio se mostrou capaz de aumentar a produção com menor valor de emissões por unidade de renda em relação à média da economia
XP Endo Finisher-R and PUI as supplementary methods to remove root filling materials from curved canals
This study assessed the ability of XP-endo Finisher R (FKG, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) to remove filling remnants from curved mesiobuccal canals of maxillary molars, using the passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) technique as a comparison. Twenty-four curved main mesiobuccal canals (MB1) of maxillary molars were instrumented with Wave One (#25/07) and filled with gutta-percha points and AH Plus Sealer. Samples were then re-treated with a standardized protocol with Wave One (#35/06) as the master apical file. Micro-CT scans measured baseline volume of remaining filling material (in mm3 ). Samples were divided into two groups (n = 12) according to the supplementary cleaning approach: (PUI) or XP-endo Finisher R. Statistics compared baseline and final volume of filling material (within-group); and the percentage of filling material reduction (between-group). Mean baseline volumes, final volumes, and percentages of reduction (%) of filling material for XP-endo Finisher R and PUI were respectively: 0.060 mm3 , 0.042 mm3 , and 31.28%; and 0.064 mm3 , 0.054 mm3 , and 16.57%. Both tested protocols reduced the amount of filling material (p < 0.05). XP-endo Finisher R had higher percentage of reduction as compared to PUI (p < 0.05). XP-endo Finisher R and PUI used as supplementary cleaning protocols during re-treatment improved the removal of root filling material in curved canals; but XP-endo Finisher R was approximately twice more efficient. The complete filling material removal during re-treatment procedures is still a challenge. Supplementary cleaning protocols may help to remove the remaining material after the complete mechanical preparation of curved canals. XP-endo Finisher R was approximately twice more efficient than PUI
Dimensionamento do complexo agroindustrial dos estados brasileiros: geração de renda, empregos e impostos
O objetivo do estudo foi dimensionar o complexo agroindustrial das unidades da federação considerando o Produto Interno Bruto, empregos e impostos gerados em quatro agregados (insumos, agropecuária, indústria e serviços). A análise foi feita a partir das matrizes de insumo-produto estaduais do ano de 2008. Os resultados mostraram que os estados do Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás e Rondônia possuíam maior importância do Agronegócio com no mínimo 40% do Produto Interno Bruto estadual, 50% dos empregos e 41% dos impostos indiretos líquidos. A produtividade do trabalho no Agronegócio dos estados do Norte e Nordeste é aproximadamente metade que no Sudeste/Sul do Brasil, o que mostra potencial de investimentos em tecnologia, capital e qualificação profissional. A indústria sofre a maior parte da tributação variando entre 9% e 33% e poderia beneficiar-se de desoneração
Percentuais de sucesso dos tratamentos endodônticos realizados na Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Influence of photobiomodulation therapy on root development of rat molars with open apex and pulp necrosis
This study aimed to evaluate the role of photobiomodulation (PBM) in apexification and apexogenesis of necrotic rat molars with an open apex. Rat molars were exposed to the oral environment for 3 weeks. Canals were rinsed with 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA, filled with antibiotic paste and sealed. After 7 days, canals were rinsed and divided into six groups (n=6): mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA); blood clot (BC); human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSC); MTA+PBM; BC+PBM; and hDPSC+PBM. In hDPSC groups, a 1% agarose gel scaffold was used. Two groups were not exposed: healthy tooth+PBM (n = 6), healthy tooth (n = 3); and one was exposed throughout the experiment: necrotic tooth (n = 3). In PBM groups, irradiation was performed with aluminum gallium indium phosphide (InGaAlP) diode laser for 30 days within 24-h intervals. After that, the specimens were processed for histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Necrotic tooth showed greater neutrophil infiltrate (p < 0.05). Necrotic tooth, healthy tooth, and healthy tooth+PBM groups showed absence of a thin layer of fibrous condensation in the periapical area. All the other groups stimulated the formation of a thicker layer of fibers (p < 0.05). All groups formed more mineralized tissue than necrotic tooth (p < 0.05). PBM associated with MTA, BC, or hDPSC formed more mineralized tissue (p < 0.05). MTA+PBM induced apexification (p < 0.05). Rabbit polyclonal anti-bone sialoprotein (BSP) antibody confirmed the histological findings of mineralized tissue formation, and hDPSC groups exhibited higher percentage of BSP-positive cells. It can be concluded that PBM improved apexification and favored apexogenesis in necrotic rat molars with an open apex
Identification and characterization of a sugarcane promoter induced by herbivory
Uma fonte particularmente comum de injúrias em plantas são os insetos fitófagos. Ao se alimentarem, os insetos induzem um rápido acúmulo de proteínas de resposta ao ferimento ao longo da planta. Poucos trabalhos têm caracterizado a expressão de genes induzidos por insetos herbívoros. No caso de monocotiledôneas, praticamente estas informações são inexistentes. Desse modo, inicialmente foi caracterizada a expressão de genes de cana-de-açúcar (uma planta monocotiledônea) cujos ortólogos foram previamente reportados como responsivos ao ataque de pragas em dicotiledôneas. Assim sendo, foram feitos ensaios de indução da expressão de genes por hebivoria utilizando lagartas de Diatraea saccharalis. A análise da expressão dos genes nas plantas de cana foi realizada por Northern Blot utilizando-se como sondas sequências expressas (ESTs) obtidas no banco de dados do Projeto SUCEST/FAPESP. Foram utilizadas as seguintes sondas: polifenol oxidase (PPO), lipoxigenase (LOX2), metalotioneína (MT1), proteína tipo heveína (HEL), a cistatina (CIS) e a β-actina como controle interno. Os resultados mostraram que os genes PPO e HEL tiveram sua expressão significativamente aumentada (de 10 a 12 vezes) em relação ao controle. A expressão dos genes CIS, MT1 e LOX2 também foi aumentada, apesar de ser inferior aos genes PPO e HEL. Com base nos estudos de expressão foram escolhidos os genes HEL e PPO para a identificação e caracterização de promotores de cana-de-açúcar induzidos por herbivoria. Uma vez clonada a região promotora do gene HEL de aproximadamente 1100 pb, foram feitos buscas de seqüências regulatórias que revelaram a presença de seqüências relacionadas à defesa de plantas. Em seguida três deleções a partir da extremidade 5 nessa região foram realizadas e fusionadas de forma a dirigirem a expressão do gene repórter uidA (GUS). Essas construções foram expressas em plantas de cana-de-açúcar, a fim de estudar sua regulação em resposta a hebivoria. Os resultados mostraram que a região promotora é positivamente regulada por hebivoria. Os resultados desse estudo contribuem para novas perspectivas na expressão heteróloga de genes com propriedades inseticidas em cana-de-açúcar.A particularly common source of wounding in plants is caused by herbivore insects. ln monocotyledonous plants, the defense mechanisms against herbivores are still poorly understood and few studies have addressed the expression of genes induced by herbivore insects. ln the present study it has been characterized the sugarcane responses to the attack of the sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis) by analyzing the expression of a set of genes whose orthologues have been shown to be related to insect attack in dicotyledonous plants. Gene expression analysis was performed by Northern Blot. The following Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) obtained from the cluster consensi bank of Sugarcane EST Transcriptome Project (SUCEST) were used as probes: polyphenol oxidase (PPO), lipoxygenase (LOX2), hevein-like protein (HEL), cystatin (CYS) and β-actin (internal control). The results showed that PPO and HEL gene expression increased by 10 to 12- fold in relation to the control. The expression of CYS, MT1 and LOX2 genes were also increased, although as not as the same extent for PPO and HEL genes. Based on these expression studies the cloning of the HEL and PPO promoter regions was attempted. After cloning a 1100 bp fragment corresponding to the 5 upstream region of the sugarcane HEL coding sequence, the search for regulatory sequences involved on plant defense was performed. Soon after three deletions of the promoter region were carried out and the resulting fragments were fused to the uidA (GUS) reporter gene. These gene constructs were expressed in sugarcane plants in order to study its regulation in response to hebivory. The results showed that the promoter region is positively regulated by hebivory. The results of that study bring new insights on heterologous expression of insect resistant genes in sugarcane plants
Identification and characterization of a sugarcane promoter induced by herbivory
Uma fonte particularmente comum de injúrias em plantas são os insetos fitófagos. Ao se alimentarem, os insetos induzem um rápido acúmulo de proteínas de resposta ao ferimento ao longo da planta. Poucos trabalhos têm caracterizado a expressão de genes induzidos por insetos herbívoros. No caso de monocotiledôneas, praticamente estas informações são inexistentes. Desse modo, inicialmente foi caracterizada a expressão de genes de cana-de-açúcar (uma planta monocotiledônea) cujos ortólogos foram previamente reportados como responsivos ao ataque de pragas em dicotiledôneas. Assim sendo, foram feitos ensaios de indução da expressão de genes por hebivoria utilizando lagartas de Diatraea saccharalis. A análise da expressão dos genes nas plantas de cana foi realizada por Northern Blot utilizando-se como sondas sequências expressas (ESTs) obtidas no banco de dados do Projeto SUCEST/FAPESP. Foram utilizadas as seguintes sondas: polifenol oxidase (PPO), lipoxigenase (LOX2), metalotioneína (MT1), proteína tipo heveína (HEL), a cistatina (CIS) e a β-actina como controle interno. Os resultados mostraram que os genes PPO e HEL tiveram sua expressão significativamente aumentada (de 10 a 12 vezes) em relação ao controle. A expressão dos genes CIS, MT1 e LOX2 também foi aumentada, apesar de ser inferior aos genes PPO e HEL. Com base nos estudos de expressão foram escolhidos os genes HEL e PPO para a identificação e caracterização de promotores de cana-de-açúcar induzidos por herbivoria. Uma vez clonada a região promotora do gene HEL de aproximadamente 1100 pb, foram feitos buscas de seqüências regulatórias que revelaram a presença de seqüências relacionadas à defesa de plantas. Em seguida três deleções a partir da extremidade 5 nessa região foram realizadas e fusionadas de forma a dirigirem a expressão do gene repórter uidA (GUS). Essas construções foram expressas em plantas de cana-de-açúcar, a fim de estudar sua regulação em resposta a hebivoria. Os resultados mostraram que a região promotora é positivamente regulada por hebivoria. Os resultados desse estudo contribuem para novas perspectivas na expressão heteróloga de genes com propriedades inseticidas em cana-de-açúcar.A particularly common source of wounding in plants is caused by herbivore insects. ln monocotyledonous plants, the defense mechanisms against herbivores are still poorly understood and few studies have addressed the expression of genes induced by herbivore insects. ln the present study it has been characterized the sugarcane responses to the attack of the sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis) by analyzing the expression of a set of genes whose orthologues have been shown to be related to insect attack in dicotyledonous plants. Gene expression analysis was performed by Northern Blot. The following Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) obtained from the cluster consensi bank of Sugarcane EST Transcriptome Project (SUCEST) were used as probes: polyphenol oxidase (PPO), lipoxygenase (LOX2), hevein-like protein (HEL), cystatin (CYS) and β-actin (internal control). The results showed that PPO and HEL gene expression increased by 10 to 12- fold in relation to the control. The expression of CYS, MT1 and LOX2 genes were also increased, although as not as the same extent for PPO and HEL genes. Based on these expression studies the cloning of the HEL and PPO promoter regions was attempted. After cloning a 1100 bp fragment corresponding to the 5 upstream region of the sugarcane HEL coding sequence, the search for regulatory sequences involved on plant defense was performed. Soon after three deletions of the promoter region were carried out and the resulting fragments were fused to the uidA (GUS) reporter gene. These gene constructs were expressed in sugarcane plants in order to study its regulation in response to hebivory. The results showed that the promoter region is positively regulated by hebivory. The results of that study bring new insights on heterologous expression of insect resistant genes in sugarcane plants
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Agronegócio de países selecionados: análise de sustentabilidade entre o PIB e emissões de CO2
The aim of this study was to measure and compare the agribusiness production chain in 64 countries and the rest of the world considering the variables income (Gross Domestic Product - GDP) and carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels between 2005 and 2015 with a methodology based on the input-output matrix. The agribusiness GDP in 2005 was about 6 trillion dollars in current values and participated with 13.6% of the world GDP and increased to 11 trillion dollars in 2015 (15.3%). Agribusiness generated close to two billion tons of carbon dioxide in 2005 with a share of 8.5% in total emissions and emissions increased by about 166 million tons between 2005 and 2015, however, the share in the total emissions decreased to 7.6%. The largest global polluters (manufacturing sector and agribusiness) in the year 2015 were China, the United States, India and Russia, respectively. The results of the sustainability indicator carbon dioxide emissions by burning fossil fuels per unit of income indicated that in most countries agribusiness was able to increase production with lower emissions per unit of income compared to the average economy
Agronegócio de países selecionados: análise de sustentabilidade entre o PIB e emissões de CO2
The aim of this study was to measure and compare the agribusiness production chain in 64 countries and the rest of the world considering the variables income (Gross Domestic Product - GDP) and carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels between 2005 and 2015 with a methodology based on the input-output matrix. The agribusiness GDP in 2005 was about 6 trillion dollars in current values and participated with 13.6% of the world GDP and increased to 11 trillion dollars in 2015 (15.3%). Agribusiness generated close to two billion tons of carbon dioxide in 2005 with a share of 8.5% in total emissions and emissions increased by about 166 million tons between 2005 and 2015, however, the share in the total emissions decreased to 7.6%. The largest global polluters (manufacturing sector and agribusiness) in the year 2015 were China, the United States, India and Russia, respectively. The results of the sustainability indicator carbon dioxide emissions by burning fossil fuels per unit of income indicated that in most countries agribusiness was able to increase production with lower emissions per unit of income compared to the average economy