Endophytic Mycoflora of Indian Medicinal Plant, Terminalia arjuna and their Biological Activities

Studies were undertaken to isolate, identify and evaluate the biological activities of endophytic mycoflora of Indian medicinal plant, Terminalia arjuna. A total of 20 isolates of endophytic fungi were obtained from the leaves, twigs and bark tissues of the Terminalia arjuna. Out of 20, six isolates exhibited promising antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities when cultivated at shake flask level. The selected isolates were identified on the basis of morphology and ITS gene sequencing. Three isolates, designated as TA BA 1, TA L1 and TA L2 were identified as Aspergillus flavus whereas; the remaining three endophytic fungi were identified as Diaporthe arengae (TA TW2), Alternaria Sp. (TA TW1) and Lasiodiplodia theobromae (TA BA2). Aspergillus flavus was found as the predominant endophyte in leaves and bark tissues of the plant. The crude extract of the test isolates showed considerable antimicrobial activity against common human bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella abony and Bacillus subtilis) and fungal (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Penicilium sp.) pathogens. The extract of Diaporthe arengae (TA TW2) significantly reduced the concentration of DPPH free radical as percent DPPH scavenging activity was found to be highest (69.56%) in comparison with other isolates. The % inhibition of hemolysis of RBCs was found to be highest (82.85%) with Diaporthe arengae (TA TW2) in comparison (83.26%) with standard drug (Ibuprofen). Among all, the extract of the Diaporthe arengae (TA TW2) showed excellent biological activities and hence was subjected to further characterization. The phytochemical investigation of the extract revealed the presence of terpenoids as the major phytoconstituents which was supported by TLC and UV spectroscopic studies. The results indicate that the isolated endophytes could be the valuable source of these bioactive molecules with diverse biological activities. The bioactivities may be attributed to the terpenoids present in the endophytic extract

Comparative economics of rural and periurban dairy farming in Kalaburagi district of Karnataka

Cost of milk production is an important economic indicator in assessing the farm household efficiency in milk production as well as basis for price fixation. The study was undertaken to analyse the cost and returns of milk production in rural and periurban dairy farms of Kalaburagi district of Karnataka. The per day maintenance cost in periurban dairy farms (` 150.64) was highest compared to rural dairy farms (` 91.29)for local cows, crossbred cows and buffaloes. Among total maintenance costs of periurban dairy farming, feed and fodder costs accounted major share (73.49%) followed by labour cost (15.53%) and total fixed cost (7.73%). The return per litre of milk was highest (` 8.91) for crossbred cows followed by buffalo (` 4.82) and local cows (` 0.14). The net return from crossbred cow was more than that of buffalo and local cows indicating higher profitability in rearing crossbred cow in the study area

A Study Of Growth And Characteristics Of Metal Salt Like Manganese Sulphate [MnSO4] Doped In L Threonine Amino Acid Single Crystal For NLO Application

L threonine is one of the amino acids exhibiting NLO properties. Study of Manganese sulfate doped in L  threonine has been investigated. Pure L  threonine and doped with MnSO4 were grown by slow evaporation method at room temperature. Good quality & transparent crystals were obtained in a month. . The Powder XRD study shows the tetragonal structure with lattice parameter a = b = 7.506 Å and c = 7.555 Å. Doping of MnSO4 in L-threonine crystal was confirmed by FT–IR spectroscopy. NLO properties & hardness testing was executed for grown crystal. Poor SHG efficiency of grown crystal was observed as compared to KD

Sensor Node Failure Detection Using Round Trip Path in WSNs

Now a days, applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has been increased due to its vast potential to connect the physical world to the practical world. Also, advancement in microelectronic fabrication technology reduced the cost of manufacturing convenient wireless sensor nodes and now it becomes a trend to deploy the large numbers of wireless sensors in WSNs so that to increase the quality of service (QoS). The QoS of such WSNs is mainly affected by the faulty or malfunctioning sensor nodes. Probability of sensor node failure increases if number of sensor node increases in the network. For maintaining the better QoS under failure conditions such faulty sensor node should be detected and it should be removed. In this proposed method, faulty sensor node is detected by calculating the round trip delay (RTD) time of round trip paths and comparing them with threshold value. This proposed method is tested with three sensors Nodes designed using microcontroller, sensor and ZigBee. The main server section which will display the failure sensor node is also designed using microcontroller and ZigBee

Studies on Stability of Processing-type Genotypes of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

To study stability of genotypes under three diverse environments, ten genotypes along with two checks of processingtype tomato were evaluated in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Environment included three seasons, viz., kharif (2007), rabi (2007-08) and summer (2008) to identify the most stable varieties. Overall performance of PTR-1, PTR-4, PTR-6 and 'Arka Ashish' was found stable for yield per plant, number of branches per plant, % fruit set, % acidity and lycopene content. PTR-4 and PTR-6 were stable for high yield and for good processing traits

A CASE OF PRIMARY SJOGREN`S SYNDROME WITH DISTAL RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS PRESENTING AS HYPOKALEMIC PARALYSIS

Renal tubular acidosis secondary to autoimmune interstitial nephritis is quite common in patients with Sjogren`s syndrome. Here we present a case of 24 year old female who presented with Acute Hypokalemic Quadriparesis and was later diagnosed with distal RTA. Patient did not have features of xerostomia or xerophthalmia but was diagnosed to have Primary Sjogren`s syndrome fromserological findings,in this case renal involvement preceded subjective Sicca syndrome.Patient recovered after giving i.v potassium. Patient was treated with corticosteroids and is asymptomatic during the one year follow up period

Energy Efficient Rectangular Indexing for Mobile Peer-to-Peer Environment

Now a days in wireless environment there are many challenges. One of them which is need to be addressed in mobile Peer-to-Peer environment is getting the information of interest quickly and efficiently. Wherein whenever the node tries to get the desired data it has to wait too long or have to contact to unnecessary nodes which are not having their data of interest. This causes the node to waste the limited power resources and incurs more cost in terms of energy wastage. Here we proposed an energy efficient rectangular indexing called PMBR (Peer-to-Peer Minimum Bounding Rectangle) which allows the user to get the information of interest in energy efficient manner. We proposed algorithms namely PMBR_DSS, PMBR_HB and PMBR_CP and processed Nearest Neighbor & Range type queries. The experimental results carried out shows that the proposed algorithm PMBR_CP provides the efficient, quick and assured access to information of interest by saving the scarce power resources