Fish Stupefying Plants Used by the Tribes of Nandurbar District.

The present paper deals with the identification of those plants which are used as natural toxins for capturing fishes from Nandurbar district of Maharashtra. Nandurbar district is tribal district, is rich in ethno biological diversity, its different tahasils have their own toxicant plants which can be used for capturing fishes. So this ethno biological survey was conducted in different tahasils of Nandurbar district viz Akkalkuwa, Dhadgaon, Shahada, Taloda, Nandurbar and Navapur. As fishes are the important source of protein for poor people living near the banks of rivers, they use few plants which are natural toxicants for fishes and capture the fishes. During this study, a number of toxicant plants are identified with the help of the people living near the river and dams. The general information related to vernacular name of the plant in different tahasil and plant parts used, have been identified by elders and knowledgeable people. Plants are identified taxonomically with the help of Botanist of Jijamata Education Society’s, Department of Botany For UG, PG and Research, Arts, Science and Commerce College, Nandurbar, Maharashtra. Extensive literature was also consulted for identification

A Review on Grid Integration Challenges of Wind Energy Systems

In recent decades, the strengthening of electric energy security and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions acquired great traction. The integration of large-scale intermittent renewable energy resources (RER) such as wind energy into existing electrical systems has risen dramatically in recent years. In the last few years, however, this integration creates several operational and control issues that impede the process. Grid functioning must be reliable and stable. This article will look at the problems that have been documented as a result of the recommended solutions techniques and the integration of wind energy Among the many difficulties, Generation uncertainty, power quality difficulties, angular and voltage stability, and reactive power support are all factors to consider. The ability to ride through faults is examined and explored. Aside from that, there are financial, environmental, and political factors to consider

Processing of Sorghum From Different Varieties and Hybrids for Semolina and Their Products

The present study was undertaken with the objective to standardise procedures for preparation of semolina (rava) from sorghum, to identify the best genotype for preparation of semolina and to study the nutritional quality parameters of semolina. For processing of sorghum, ten varieties and five hybrids were used for preparation of semolina and their products. A process has been standardized for semolina preparation using ultra grinding mill from sorghum grain. The semolina yield ranged from 46.51% to 54.29%. Hybrid CSH-15R gave the highest yield of semolina (54.29%). Starch content in semolina ranged from 59.93% to 66.43%. The new genotypes Phule Vasudha, Phule Yashoda and M 35-1 showed higher levels of starch content as compared to the other genotypes. The Phule Vasudha and Selection-3 showed higher levels of total soluble sugars in grains, as well as in semolina than the other genotypes. Phule Maulee gave higher level of crude fibre content (3.12%). The amino acid profile of sorghum grain and semolina showed very minor differences in the content due to the processing of sorghum grains into various products like semolina. The new genotypes of rabi sorghum showed comparable results for the mineral with that of hybrids. The organoleptic properties of the sweet (shira), upama and idali prepared from semolina were judged on the basis of colour, texture and appearance, flavour, taste and overall acceptability of the products using semi-trained judges and 1 to 9 hedonic scales. All products prepared from semolina were like very much and gave highest rating of more than 8 hedonic scales. While considering the yield of semolina from sorghum grains as well as their nutritional composition and organoleptic properties of the niche products (shira, upama, idali) prepared from them, the varieties Phule Vasudha and Phule Yashoda were the best one as compared to the other varieties and hybrids and overall varieties were better than the hybrids

ELEMENTAL PROFILE ANALYSIS OF SOME INDIAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL SPICE PLANTS OF, BELLARI DISTRICT, KARNATAKA USING AAS TECHNIQUE

Objective: Karnataka (India) is the darling child of nature where about 722 medicinal plants are available. Ions of different metal elements have an important role in both the reactions. Few elements are essential to the body as nutrients called minerals. Present study deals with trace element analysis was carried out in Ballari district, Karnataka, India.Methods: 0.25g each of the powdered medicinal plant spice seeds samples digested in 6.5 ml of acid solution to study the trace element like Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Cr in Coriander seeds, Ajwain seeds, Pepper seeds, Cumin seeds and Sweet cumin seeds at ppm levels were figured out by using AAS analysis.Results: Analysed trace mineral contents of these spice plants resulted highest level of Manganese is 1.92 ppm, Ferrous is 3.69 ppm and in Chromium is 0.0980 ppm in Ajwain seeds, Copper is 0.42 ppm in Coriander seeds, Zinc is 3.02 ppm and Cadmium is 0.0070 ppm in Sweet cumin seeds and lowest were found Mn is 0.65 ppm, Fe is 2.43 ppm in Coriander seeds, Cu is 0.15 ppm in Cumin seeds, Zn is 1.64 ppm in Pepper seeds, Cd is 0.0018 in Ajwain seeds and Cr is 0.0669 ppm in Sweet cumin seeds were studied in (n=3 ppm) all the sample selected spice seeds by AAS and suggests that the monitoring of trace elements in these medicinal plants does not exceed the limiting values set by World Health Organization to use it as a medicinal application.Conclusion: These Indian traditional medicinal spice plants can be safely used for food and medicinal purposes.Keywords: Medicinal Plants, Spices, AAS, Trace elements, Microelement

HOMOGENEOUS MULTI-INTERFACE MOBILE NODE SUPPORT IN NS2

NS2 is a widely used, open source tool for network simulation. A Mobile Node (MN) in NS2 by default provides only a single Wi-Fi interface. It makes difficult for users to simulate the scenario where a mobile node is connected to multiple networks through different interfaces at the same time. Some projects have been done to implement multiple Wi-Fi interfaces but according to our view they have some limitations. This paper presents the implementation of mobile nodes in NS2 with multiple Wi-Fi interfaces and multiple WiMAX interfaces trying to overcome those limitations

Micellization Studies on Binary Mixture of Methionine with Polyoxyethylene (10) Cetyl Ether (Brij-56) and Polyoxyethylene (20) Cetyl Ether (Brij-58)

The measurement of cloud point (CP) under the influence of additives provides an excellent tool for investigation of surfactant macromolecule interaction. The CP of pure surfactant polyoxyethylene (10) cetyl ether (Brij-56) and polyoxyethylene (20) cetyl ether (Brij-58) declined with increased [Bj-56] and [Bj-58]. The CP of mixed systems Brij-56/methionine and Brij-58/methionine shows same trends with increased [Met.]. This is mainly due to increased micelle concentrations. The influence of amino acid on the cloud point of Brij-56 and Brij-58 is a clear indication that the phenomenon of clouding is associated with the different micelles coalescing. The phase separation results from micelle-micelle interaction. Considering cloud point as threshold temperature of the solubility, the energetic of clouding process (ΔG0cl, ΔH0cl and ΔS0cl) have been evaluated using “Phase Separation Model" It is found that the overall clouding process is exothermic and ΔH0cl > TΔS0cl indicating that the process of clouding is guided by both enthalpy and entropy. This work supports the conjecture that the cloud point is critical phenomenon rather than the growth of micelles

Direct to consumer advertising via the Internet, a study of hip resurfacing

With increased use of the internet for health information and direct to consumer advertising from medical companies, there is a concern about the quality of the information available for patients. The aim of this study was to examine the quality of health information on the internet for hip resurfacing. An assessment tool was designed to measure quality of information. Websites were measured on credibility of source; usability; currentness of the information; content relevance; content accuracy/completeness and disclosure/bias. Each website assessed was given a total score, based on number of scores achieved from the above categories websites were further analysed on author, geographical origin and possession of an independent credibility check. There was positive correlation between the overall score for the website and the score of each website in each assessment category. Websites by implant companies, doctors and hospitals scored poorly. Websites with an independent credibility check such as Health on the Net (HoN) scored twice the total scores of websites without. Like other internet health websites, the quality of information on hip resurfacing websites is variable. This study highlights methods by which to assess the quality of health information on the internet and advocates that patients should look for a statement of an "independent credibility check" when searching for information on hip resurfacing

The role of horizontal transfer in the evolution of a highly variable lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis locus in xanthomonads that infect rice, citrus and crucifers

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) of animal and plant pathogenic bacteria. Variation at the interstrain level is common in LPS biosynthetic gene clusters of animal pathogenic bacteria. This variation has been proposed to play a role in evading the host immune system. Even though LPS is a modulator of plant defense responses, reports of interstrain variation in LPS gene clusters of plant pathogenic bacteria are rare.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study we report the complete sequence of a variant 19.9 kb LPS locus present in the BXO8 strain of <it>Xanthomonas oryzae </it>pv. <it>oryzae </it>(Xoo), the bacterial blight pathogen of rice. This region is completely different in size, number and organization of genes from the LPS locus present in most other strains of Xoo from India and Asia. Surprisingly, except for one ORF, all the other ORFs at the BXO8 LPS locus are orthologous to the genes present at this locus in a sequenced strain of <it>X. axonopodis </it>pv. <it>citri </it>(Xac; a pathogen of citrus plants). One end of the BXO8 LPS gene cluster, comprised of ten genes, is also present in the related rice pathogen, <it>X. oryzae </it>pv. <it>oryzicola </it>(Xoc). In Xoc, the remainder of the LPS gene cluster, consisting of seven genes, is novel and unrelated to LPS gene clusters of any of the sequenced xanthomonads. We also report substantial interstrain variation suggestive of very recent horizontal gene transfer (HGT) at the LPS biosynthetic locus of <it>Xanthomonas campestris </it>pv.<it> campestris </it>(Xcc), the black rot pathogen of crucifers.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our analyses indicate that HGT has altered the LPS locus during the evolution of <it>Xanthomonas oryzae </it>pathovars and suggest that the ancestor of all <it>Xanthomonas oryzae </it>pathovars had an Xac type of LPS gene cluster. Our finding of interstrain variation in two major xanthomonad pathogens infecting different hosts suggests that the LPS locus in plant pathogenic bacteria, as in animal pathogens, is under intense diversifying selection.</p

Malignancy within a tail gut cyst:a case of retrorectal carcinoid tumour

Purpose. Tailgut cysts with malignant transformation are rare entities. We discuss the diagnostic strategy and treatment of a malignancy within a tailgut cyst. Methods. In this study we report on the case of a 61-year-old man with a malignant neuroendocrine tumour arising within a tailgut cyst and an overview of the literature emphasising the histopathological characteristics and differential diagnosis. Results. Our patient presented with lower back pain, rectal pain, and increased urgency of defecation. MRI scan and CT-guided biopsy on histological analysis revealed a diagnosis of carcinoid tumour of the presacral space. The patient subsequently underwent an abdominoperineal excision of the rectum. Conclusions. This case highlights the importance of tailgut cysts as a differential diagnosis of presacral masses. It is a rare congenital lesion developing from remnants of the embryonic postanal gut and is predominantly benign in nature. Approximately half of cases remain asymptomatic; therefore, diagnosis is often delayed. Magnetic resonance imaging is the investigation of choice and an awareness of the possibility of malignant potential is critical to avoiding missed diagnosis and subsequent morbidity. Complete surgical excision allows accurate diagnosis, confirmation of oncological clearance, and prevention of mortality