Automatic Classification of Medicinal Plants Using State-Of-The-Art Pre-Trained Neural Networks

Now a days every mankind is suffering due to infections. Ayurveda, the science of life helped to take preventive measures which boost our immunity.  It is plant-based science. Many medicinal plants found useful in daily life of common people for boosting immunity. Identifying the plant species having medicinal plant is challenging, it requires botanical expert. In the process of manual identification, botanical experts use various plant features as the identification keys, which are examined adaptively and progressively to identify plant species. The shortage of experts and trained taxonomist created global taxonomic impediment problem which is one of the major challenges.  Various researchers have worked in the field of automatic classification of plants since the last decade. The leaf is considered as primary input as it is available throughout the whole year. The research paper mainly focuses on the study of transfer learning approach for medicinal plant classification, which reuse already developed model at the starting point for model on a second task. Transfer learning approach is a black box approach used for image classification and many more applications by extracting features from an image. Some of the transfer learning models are MobileNet-V1, VGG-19, ResNet-50, VGG-16. Here it uses Mendeley dataset of Indian medicinal plant species which is freely available. Output layer classifies the species of leaves. The result provides evaluation and variations of above listed features extracted models. MobileNetV1 achieves maximum accuracy of 98%

Is personalized medicine achievable in obstetrics?

Personalized medicine seeks to identify the right dose of the right drug for the right patient at the right time. Typically, individualization of therapy is based on the pharmacogenomic makeup of the individual and environmental factors that alter drug disposition and response. In addition to these factors, during pregnancy, a woman's body undergoes many changes that can impact the therapeutic efficacy of medications. Yet, there is minimal research regarding personalized medicine in obstetrics. Adoption of pharmacogenetic testing into the obstetrical care is dependent on evidence of analytical validity, clinical validity, and clinical utility. Here, we briefly present information regarding the potential utility of personalized medicine for treating the obstetric patient for pain with narcotics, hypertension, and preterm labor, and discuss the impediments of bringing personalized medicine to the obstetrical clinic

Uterocervical angle measurement improves prediction of preterm birth in twin gestation

Objective An obtuse uterocervical angle (UCA) has been associated with increased risk of preterm birth in singleton gestations. Our objective was to compare the performance of UCA to cervical length (CL) as sonographic predictors of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) in patients with twin gestation. Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study of twin gestations at a single academic center from May 2008-2016 who received a transvaginal ultrasound for the evaluation of the cervix between 16 0/7 - 22 6/7 weeks. An investigator blinded to clinical outcomes reviewed images of cervical morphology and measured UCA and CL parameters. Data on obstetrical outcomes was extracted from the medical record. The primary outcome was prediction of preterm birth <28 weeks and <32 weeks by UCA and CL. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves and binary logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Statistical significance was defined as p <0.05. Results Among 259 women with twin gestation, the mean gestational age at birth was 34.83 +/- 3.48 weeks, and 44.7% (n=116) delivered prior to 36 weeks. ROC curves demonstrated optimal prediction of sPTB prior to 32 weeks at a UCA > 110o (80% sensitivity, 82% specificity) vs. CL 114o (80% sensitivity, 84% specificity) vs. CL 110o conferred an OR 15.7 (95% CI 7.2-34.4) for delivery prior to 32 weeks, and UCA > 114o an OR 24.3 (95% CI 6.7-88.5) for delivery prior to 28 weeks. In comparison, CL<25mm had an OR 5.2 (95% CI 2.2-12.2) and OR 6.0 (95% CI 2.0-18.1) prior to 32 and 28 weeks respectively. Conclusion Uterocervical angles >110o performed better than the traditional cervical length threshold (25mm) for the prediction of sPTB in a cohort of twin gestations. Measurement of the UCA during the mid-trimester may improve identification of twin gestations at risk for sPTB

Thermal Analysis of Vertical Heated Cylindrical Surface Employing V - Shape Fin Surfaces

Natural convection is an important and economical mode of heat transfer .It is used in many of the engineering applications such as cooling of electronic components, cooling of Printed circuit boards, HVAC &amp; R, I.C. engines fins, radiators of automobiles etc. Some of these heat sinks are cylindrical in shape. The heat that is produced in such system that conducts through the walls surfaces is need to be continuously dissipated to the surrounding atmosphere to keep the system in steady state condition. More quantities of heat have to be dissipated from small area as heat transfer by convection between a surface and the fluid surroundings. It can be improved by attaching fins or by use of some form of extended surfaces. V shape fin geometries have been selected for cooling such cylindrical surfaces or heat sinks. Initially the dimensions for the vertical cylinder with array of v shape fins have been obtained. Computational analysis of array of v shape fins over vertical heated cylinder have been studied by using Ansys software. The results reveal that the 60-degree V-shaped fins exhibit the highest natural convection heat transfer coefficient, owing to their streamlined flow-promoting characteristics. These V-shaped fins act as flow turbulators, causing minimal air obstruction and, consequently, enhancing heat dissipation. The computational findings are further validated by comparing them with analytical results, affirming the effectiveness of this approach in improving heat transfer from cylindrical surfaces. This research contributes to the understanding and optimization of natural convection heat transfer in cylindrical systems utilizing V-shaped fins, demonstrating its potential for enhancing thermal performance in various engineering application

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MICROEMULSION CONTAINING NEEM SEED OIL

Objective: The objective of the present study was to formulate Microemulsion containing seed oil. Neem seed (Azadirachtaindica) oil was extracted from its seeds by the soxhlet apparatus. Acetone is used as a solvent. PEG 400 and Carbopol 940p was select as surfactant, co-surfactant and hydrogel thickening agent. Microemulsions were characterized for pH, viscosity, spreadability, in vitro drug transport study and in vivo antibacterial activity and shows satisfactory results. Antibacterial activity of formulation against E. coli Shows at a concentration of 3%. The neem seed oil microemulsion has the potential for antibacterial activity. Methods: A ratio of surfactant and cosurfactant i.e, S/CoSchoosen and corresponding mixture was made. The mixture was mixed with oil. Each mixture was mixed thoroughly using magnetic stirrer until homogenous dispersion/solution was obtained. Double distilled water was used in this formulations as to prevent the incorporation of surface active impurities. The mixture was titrated with water and ambient temperature with constant stirring at the endpoint where the mixture become clouded, the quantity of aquous phase added. The percentage of three different pseudo-phases incorporated were calculated.&nbsp; Results: Solubility studies in various solvents reveals that the oil is insoluble in distilled water and ethanol. Soluble in methanol. Conclusion: It was observed that the microemulsion having multilamellar nature. Batches with carbopol shows better homogenous distribution. The stability of microemulsion prepared with carbopol 71 was gretter than with xanthan gum. The in vitro study of microemulsion was performed and Batch (F7) is optimized batch which shows highest drug release

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CRACK CREAM FROM PLANT EXTRACTS

Objective: The main aim of our research was to develop an anti-cracked heels cream formulation consisting of Hedychium Spicatum, Aloe barbadensis, Azadirachta indica for the treatment of cracked heels. Methods: An anti-cracked heels cream formulation consisting of Hedychium Spicatum, Aloe barbadensis, Azadirachta indica extracts was prepared. Microbiological studies were performed the safety of materials used in the formulation. Results: The developed cream consisting of Hedychium Spicatum, Aloe barbadensis, Azadirachta indica was found to be safe and effective for the treatment of cracked heels. Conclusion: It can be concluded that herbal creams without side effects having anti-inflammatory property can be used as the provision of a barrier to protect the skin

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF LIPOSOMAL GEL CONTAINING EXTRACT OF PIPRINE

Objective: The objective of present research work is to develop Liposomes as a carrier system for 70% Hydroalcoholic extract, its incorporation in to gel formulations and to characterize the prepared and develop Liposomal gel formulation. There are many reports revealing the pharmacological potential of Piper Nigrum. Methods: Cholestrol in various weight ratios were dissolved in 10 ml of Methanol: Chloroform (1:1) ratio used as a solvent. The extract solution was taken in a 500 ml round bottom flask. The flask was rotated in rotary flash evaporator at 40 rpm for 20 min in the thermostatically controlled water bath at 40 °C under vacuum 240 mmHg. The solvent was slowly removed by this process, and a very thin film of dry lipids was formed on the flask. The dry lipid film was slowly hydrated with 10 ml of Saline Phosphate Buffer pH 7.4 containing Insulin Drug. The flask was once again rotated at the same speed as before and at room temperature for 2 hr. The liposomal was left to overnight at 4°C, full lipid hydration. Results: This study was done for herbal formulations used for topical delivery of therapeutic agents at the time of injury to accelerate skin repair in the shortest time possible, with minimal pain. Plant Piper Nigrum. Family Piperaceac is extensively used. Conclusion: The present study revealed liposomal gel as an efficient carrier for herbal extract. Keywords: Piperine, Gel, Herbal extract, Liposomes, Liposomal gel

DISEASE REVIEW AND MANAGEMENT OF AMAVATA THROUGH AYURVEDIC CLASSIC’S.

Ayurveda is hope for suffering humanity in today’s world where no one found complete treatment solution for commonest chronic inflammatory joint disease Amavata (Rheumatoid Arthritis). This causes swelling, pain and stiffness of joints. Chronic condition may cause debility, deformities of joints and crippling. Unfortunately the man has not succeeded in eradicating this diseases and find to come out with successful therapeutic measures that can cure the patient completely.  Amavata is made up of two words, Ama &amp; Vata. Ama means incomplete digestion of food which result in incomplete/impure formation of Annarasa, circulate in body &amp; reach to target cell where it produces pathology like heaviness in body, loss of strength, drowsiness, aggravation of Vata &amp; improper elimination of waste product. Ayurveda says chikitsa (Treatment) is Nidaan Parimarjna (removal of cause). The clinical presentation of Amavata closely mimics with the special variety of Rheumatological disorders called Rheumatoid Arthritis in accordance with their similarities on clinical features like pain, swelling, stiffness, fever, redness, general debility, fatigue are almost identical to that of Amavata. It is a severe form of chronic inflammatory autoimmune systemic disorders which mainly affects the synovial joints. sometimes leads to destruction and ankylosis of affected joints along with substantial loss of functioning and mobility. The available treatment modalities in contemporary science is NSAIDS, DMRDS, steroids etc. but these drugs are related with hazardous side effects and remission is very big problem. The ancient Ayurvedic treatment not only devoid such type of ill effect, but also provides a better way by treating Agni and Ama at its roots. Shamana (conservative) and Shodhana (biological purification of the body) treatments are advised in Ayurveda

Local Industrialization Based Lucrative Farming Using Machine Learning Technique

In recent times, agriculture have gained lot of attention of researchers. More precisely, crop prediction is trending topic for research as it leads agri-business to success or failure. Crop prediction totally rest on climatic and chemical changes. In the past which crop to promote was elected by rancher. All the decisions related to its cultivation, fertilizing, harvesting and farm maintenance was taken by rancher himself with his experience. But as we can see because of constant fluctuations in atmospheric conditions coming to any conclusion have become very tough. Picking correct crop to grow at right times under right circumstances can help rancher to make more business. To achieve what we cannot do manually we have started building machine learning models for it nowadays. To predict the crop deciding which parameters to consider and whose impact will be more on final decision is also equally important. For this we use feature selection models. This will alter the underdone data into more precise one. Though there have been various techniques to resolve this problem better performance is still desirable. In this research we have provided more precise &amp; optimum solution for crop prediction keeping Satara, Sangli, Kolhapur region of Maharashtra. Along with crop &amp; composts to increase harvest we are offering industrialization around so rancher can trade the yield &amp; earn more profit. The proposed solution is using machine learning algorithms like KNN, Random Forest, Naïve Bayes where Random Forest outperforms others so we are using it to build our final framework to predict crop

Principles of Anti-infective Dosing in Pregnancy

AbstractPurposeAnti-infectives are among the most commonly prescribed medications in pregnancy. However, detailed information on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these medications in pregnancy is limited, leading to uncertainty among clinicians regarding the tolerability and efficacy of treatments. The purposes of this review were to highlight key physiologic changes during pregnancy that influence drug behavior, and to discuss areas of active research related to anti-infective drugs in pregnancy.MethodsA review of literature in PubMed was performed for topics related to physiologic changes of pregnancy, postcesarean surgical site infections, vaccines in pregnancy, and intrauterine infections. The literature was reviewed and pertinent sources were utilized for this article.FindingsPhysiologic changes during pregnancy may impact drug disposition and efficacy. Cefazolin regimens are the current prophylactic treatment of choice for postcesarean surgical site infections. Vaccines are provided in pregnancy for both maternal and neonatal benefit. Broad-spectrum antibiotics continue to be used as first-line therapy for intrauterine infections.ImplicationsContinued efforts to broaden the knowledge base on anti-infective drug behavior in pregnancy will result in increased therapeutic options for this population