Study of Needle Insertion Parameters of Human Body Tissue for Surgical Operations

The thesis introduces the study on needle insertion during the laboratory experiment. The percutaneous needle insertion is performed several times in day to day life. Manually placement of needle in the tissue may cause damage inside the body sothe thesis presents the existing methodology of needle insertion and researched methodology in our laboratory. It shows the proper way of needle placement and which parameters are necessary to keep in mind when perform the needle insertion. It deals with the proper way of needle insertion, minimise the deflection of needle inside the tissue and gives an idea of reduction in deformation of tissue. The test procedures and experimental setup provide an understanding on the mechanics of needle placement and the design improvement of insertion instruments.The experimental analysis optimize the results of operative parameters of needle when it insert in the tissue like needle translation motion during the insertion, needle rotational motion during insertion, angle of needle insertion and force acting on the needle when it inserted in the tissue. The optimize results provide a brief knowledge for the surgeons about the needle behaviour during the insertion in soft tissue so surgeons are pre imagined the situations by which they would going through during the operation. The model enhances the quality of insertion by presenting the optimize model for parameters of needle insertion. In most of the insertion operations accuracy and precision is important parameters which must be kept in mind by the surgeons when they performed the insertion of needle inside the tissue so this is study is relevant for them to get the accuracy and precision in work. The aim of this research is to present standard methodology for needle insertion which can be possible by experimental analysis of needle insertion in laborator

CRITICAL BARRIERS OF FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND APPLICATION OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY TO MITIGATE THEIR IMPACTS

Food safety and food security have captured the significant attention of researchers. The main objective of this study is to identify the critical barriers of food supply chain management in the Indian context. For this, a decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) based approach is used. With an assessment of existing literature and consultation with food chain experts, 15 barriers have been identified for analysis. Critical barriers and their causal relationships are explored through the cause-and-effect diagram. Results of this study show that the barriers, namely “Lack of Government policy and regulation support” (B8) and “Extreme & diverse climate conditions in India” (B15), are the top two most critical and influential barriers. Recent advances in Blockchain technology have paved for mitigating the impact of these barriers on the performance of the food supply chain, and with the suitable intervention of Blockchain technology, many such barriers can be overcome, thereby improving food supply chain performance

Heterogeneity in glacio-hydrological processes and estimation of different components in streamflow from central Himalayan glaciers

Study region: The study region includes two glaciers from Alaknanda and Bhagirathi river basins in Central Himalaya. Study focus: The study focuses on the analysis of high-resolution isotopic data sets of different components of the streamflow with ground-based meteorological observations from Automatic Weather Stations (AWSs) at two glaciers (∼4000 m asl). New hydrological insights for the region: The glaciers in the Himalaya are difficult to access due to their topography and climate and require complicated logistics to work in the region. Hence, the understanding of hydrological processes in this region is limited. The debris cover (sublimation of surface ice), orientation and microclimatic conditions (temperature, wind and rain) of the two glaciers control the isotope signatures of the glacier surface ice in the Himalayan region, indicating heterogeneity and complexity in the isotopic compositions. The studies estimating the contribution of different components to the streamflow downstream using generalized values of stable isotopes (glacier ice, snow) are complicated, as several glaciers contribute to the total runoff in large basins. The stable isotopes of streamflow indicate the contribution of snow and ice melt during early ablation (May-Jun.); rainfall and ice melt during the ISM (Jul.-Aug.) and ice melt during late ablation (Sep.-Oct.). The contribution of snow-glacier melt and rainfall for the ablation season (Jun.-Oct.) was 89% and 11%, respectively. The separation of the hydrograph is complex, site and time-specific, which needs attention

Single-stage posterior-only debridement and transpedicular screw fixation for dorsolumbar tuberculosis: A prospective study of twenty cases

BACKGROUND: India bears the highest burden of tuberculosis (TB), i.e., about one-fourth of the total burden. Of the musculoskeletal TB, spinal TB affects half of the patients. Pharmacological treatment in the form of AKT is the mainstay of treatment of spinal TB, but surgery has its own role to play as an adjunct to AKT in selected cases. Various surgical methods and approaches are mentioned in literature. We studied the efficacy and safety of posterior only approach for decompression and internal fixation in treating thoracic and lumbar spinal TB in adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective randomized control study, we treated twenty patients with thoracic-lumbar TB with single-stage posterior only debridement, decompression, and transpedicular screw fixation. Preoperative and postoperative C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), kyphosis angle, visual analog scale (VAS) score and Frankel neurological grading, intraoperative blood loss, and duration of surgery were compared. Correction in kyphosis angle and loss of kyphosis angle at final follow-up was assessed. RESULTS: Sixteen male and four female patients with mean age 37.9 years were treated. Average follow-up was 14.95 months. Thirteen patients had two level involved; seven had single level. The average duration of surgery was 155 min (standard deviation [SD] 23.951). Preoperative average increase in ESR was 39.4 mm/h (SD 9.046) and 24.15 mm/h (SD 3.787) at 3 weeks. Average preoperative CRP was 15.7 mg/L (SD 5.398) and 9.05 mg/L (SD 3.456) at 3 weeks. Average preoperative kyphosis angle was 24.7° (SD 6.822) corrected to an average of 10.1° (SD 3.932) postoperative. At final follow-up, there was a mean loss of 1.4° of kyphosis angle. The average blood loss was 722.75 ml; the average duration of surgery was 228.5 min. The pain VAS dropped significantly from 7.05 (SD 1.468) to 3.9 (SD 1.209). At final follow-up, VAS was 1.7 (SD 0.864). All the patients had good neurological recovery except one. CONCLUSIONS: Single-stage posterior-only procedure is safe and effective for management of thoracolumbar spinal TB