Diuretic Activity of the Flavonoid Pinostrobin Previously Identified from the Species Renealmia alpinia: Diuretic Activity of Pinostrobin

Renealmia alpinia is a plant traditionally employed as antiophidic, pain reliever, antipyretic, and antiemetic. Its main metabolites are flavonoids, with pinostrobin as the most abundant compound of this plant species. In this study, we determined the diuretic activity of pinostrobin, previously identified from the species Renealmia alpinia in normal mice. The evaluation of the diuretic activity of the flavonoid pinostrobin was carried out at doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg of body weight. The diuretic activity was evaluated using the Kau et al. (1984) method with modifications made by Benjumea et al. (2005), using mice instead of rats. Metabolic cages equipped with graduated cylinders were used to measure the volume of urine excretion at 2, 4, and 6 hours. At 6 hours, pH and conductivity were measured, and the concentration of excreted sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium ions was estimated by ion chromatography. Creatinine, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, and urea of mice blood were analyzed. There was an increase of 32% and 38% at a dose of 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, in the urinary excretion of water by pinostrobin, an elimination of sodium concentration similar to furosemide at 5 and 10 mg/kg, An increase in potassium concentration of 52% at 10 mg/kg and a higher magnesium excretion of 85% at 5 mg/kg, were statistically significant compared to furosemide. Pinostrobin showed a diuretic effect increasing the volume of urinary excretion in mice and excretion of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium ions, with a possible mechanism in the loop of Henle

BúSQUEDA DE ALTERNATIVAS TERAPÉUTICAS PARA EL ACCIDENTE OFÍDICO EN RESIDUOS AGROINDUSTRIALES DE FRUTAS TROPICALES RESEARCH OF THERAPEUTIC ALTERNATIVES FOR SNAKEBITE IN AGROINDUSTRY RESIDUES OF TROPICAL FRUITS

Este estudio pretende demostrar que residuos de la agroindustria, como son las semillas de Vitis vinifera y Citrus sinensis, y la almendra de Mangifera indica, poseen capacidad neutralizante de algunos efectos enzimáticos inducidos por los venenos de Bothrops asper y Porthidium nasutum; además, actividad inhibitoria del crecimiento de algunos microorganismos de la flora normal de los colmillos y la boca de las serpientes; es así como se determina que los extractos de M. indica y V. vinifera poseen buena capacidad inhibitoria de la actividad de fosfolipasa A2 dependiente de la dosis, y una mayor potencia neutralizante hacia tal actividad del veneno de P. nasutum. Frente al efecto proteolítico inducido por el veneno de las dos víboras, V. vinifera presenta los mejores porcentajes de inhibición dependiendo de la cantidad de extracto utilizado. Sobre la actividad coagulante del veneno de B. asper, M. indica y V. vinifera logran prolongar el tiempo de coagulación hasta ~ 31 y 13 veces respectivamente, el tiempo del correspondiente control positivo. M. indica y V. vinifera inhiben el crecimiento de Escherichia coli y Staphylococcus aureus. Por el contrario, el extracto etanólico de las semillas de C. sinensis no presenta resultados de inhibición muy prometedores.This paper tries to demonstrate that agroindustrial residues, such as Vitis vinifera and Citrus sinensis seeds and the Mangifera indica Kernel, have the capacity of neutralize some of the enzymatic effects induced by Bothrops asper and Porthidium nasutum venoms, in addition to the inhibitory ability of some microorganism growth of the normal flora of the serpent fangs and mouth. That is the extracts of M. indica and Vitis vinifera have a good inhibitory ability of the phospholipase A2 activity in a dose dependent manner and if they have a major neutralizing potency against the P. nasutum venom activity. Against the proteolytic effect induced by both snakes venom, V. vinifera shows the best inhibition percentages in a dependent way of the amount of extract used. Against the coagulant activity of B. asper venom, the species M. indica and V. vinifera are able to prolong the coagulation time up ~ 31 and 13 times, respectively, to the corresponding positive control time. M. indica and V. vinifera inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. On the other hand, the etanolic extract of C. sinensis seeds does not show promising inhibition results

Programa de manejo integrado de vectores en el marco de la pandemia por Covid-19 en Medellín, Colombia

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic pressured health care systems to remain alert and active in their vector-borne disease control and prevention programs, leading to changes in vector control strategies in urban areas affected by dengue, Zika and chikungunya. Objective: To describe the adaptations made to the vector control and surveillance program in Medellín during the COVID-19 health emergency. Materials and methods: Once the health emergency started,biosecurity protocols were developed. Entomological surveillance was strengthened from the institutional environment instead of homes. Data was collected in Medellín from 2018 to 2021 during the vector control and surveillance program activities, which included epidemiological and entomo-virological surveillance, entomological index survey, ovitrap monitoring, community mobilization, search and elimination of mosquito breading sites, and chemical control. These actions were adapted and/or increased to promote self-care among communities in total and partial confinement, and to develop prevention and control measures. Results: Mosquito monitoring was increased by 40% using ovitraps, entomological-virological surveillance showed an increase in 2020 of 34,4% compared to 2019 and virtual media was used to keep and improve contact with the community. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on arbovirus prevention and control programs. The city of Medellín quickly adapted its entomo-virological surveillance activities, control measures, and the contact with the community during the pandemic, which allow the Integrated Vector Management program to remain active in the city.Introducción. La pandemia por COVID-19 presionó los sistemas de salud para mantener alerta y activos los programas de control y prevención de ETV, generando cambios en estrategias de control vectorial en áreas urbanas afectadas por dengue, Zika y chikungunya. Objetivo. Describir las adaptaciones del programa de vigilancia y control de vectores en Medellín durante la contingencia sanitaria por COVID-19. Materiales y métodos. Iniciada la emergencia sanitaria se elaboraron protocolos de bioseguridad. Se fortaleció la vigilancia entomológica institucional en lugar de viviendas. La información fue colectada en Medellín durante los años 2018 a 2021, en las actividades del programa de vigilancia y control de vectores, que incluyen la vigilancia epidemiológica y entomo-virológica, levantamiento de índices entomológicos, monitoreo de ovitrampas, movilización social y comunitaria, búsqueda y eliminación de criaderos y control químico; estas acciones fueron adaptadas y/o incrementadas para favorecer, de una parte, el autocuidado de las comunidades en confinamiento total y parcial y de otra desarrollar las acciones de prevención y control. Resultados. Incrementó en 40% el monitoreo del mosquito mediante ovitrampas, la vigilancia entomo-virológica presentó un incremento en 2020 de 34,4% respecto a 2019 y se utilizaron herramientas virtuales para mantener y mejorar el contacto con la comunidad. Conclusión. La pandemia COVID-19 causó gran impacto en los programas de prevención y control de las ETV. La ciudad de Medellín adaptó rápidamente las actividades de vigilancia entomo-virológica, las acciones de control y la comunicación con la comunidad durante la pandemia y esto permitió mantener activo el programa MIV en la ciudad