Medical Monitoring: Missouri\u27s Welcomed Acceptance

One of the fundamental principles of tort law is that a plaintiff cannot recover without a present physical injury. As society evolved and latent injuries became more prevalent, tort law failed to provide relief because of its present injury requirement. The consequence of this gap in recovery meant that plaintiffs who were exposed to toxic chemicals but could not afford to undergo periodic testing to detect latent injuries would have to wait until the injury manifested itself in order for plaintiffs to bring claims for recovery. Unfortunately, this passage of time can have detrimental effects on the plaintiff and result in a more severe outcome than if the injury were detected in its early stages. Policy considerations regarding the benefit of early detection and diagnosis of disease and the deterrent effects of imposing liability on defendants convinced some states to adopt medical monitoring. Medical monitoring allows plaintiffs to receive compensation for future diagnostic testing that is reasonably necessary to detect latent injuries that may develop after exposure to toxic substances. Medical monitoring can be viewed as a cause of action or a form of relief. In both instances, the goal is to allow plaintiffs who have been exposed to toxins that enhance the plaintiffs\u27 risk of disease to be compensated for periodic diagnostic testing in order to detect disease early. In Meyer v. Fluor Corp., the Missouri Supreme Court was the first court in Missouri to hold that medical monitoring was available as a form of damages in the state. By allowing recovery for medical monitoring without a present injury, Missouri has joined several states in allowing for the expansion of traditional tort law. Critics argue that this expansion of tort law will lead to a flood of litigation and should be left to the legislature. However, the Meyer court correctly decided to allow relief on the basis that the underlying principles of tort law and medical monitoring are the same and plaintiffs whose interests were invaded should be able to recover

Interpreting Eminent Domain in Missouri: Elimination of Blight is Allright

This Note argues that the court in Allright improperly interpreted the statute\u27s requirement of a specific finding of blight for each parcel but it properly applied the predominance requirement. It also examines the impact of the new eminent domain legislation in Missouri and argues that the legislation does not provide as much protection to private property owners as the legislature claims

Enhancing the dissolution rate of poorly soluble drug Febuxostat using spray dried amorphous solid dispersion technique

Introducción: El febuxostat pertenece a los fármacos clase II del Sistema de Clasificación Biofarmacéutica, los cuales presentan baja solubilidad y alta permeabilidad. La dispersión sólida amorfa es una de las técnicas que pueden ser útiles para mejorar la solubilidad y las características del polvo. Objetivo: optimizar la concentración de polímeros hidrofílicos e hidrofóbicos para mejorar la velocidad de disolución y la solubilidad de las tabletas de febuxostat. Métodos: La dispersión sólida amorfa de febuxostat se preparó mediante el método de secado por aspersión utilizando Kolliphor P237 (1:2). Esta dispersión sólida amorfa se utilizó además para comprimir el comprimido. Para mejorar la solubilidad y la tasa de disolución, se aplicó un diseño factorial completo para optimizar la concentración crítica de KollidonSR e hidroxi propil metil celulosa (HPMC K4M). Los comprimidos preparados se caracterizaron por parámetros de precompresión y poscompresión. Resultados: La velocidad de liberación del fármaco se mantuvo mediante la formulación de una técnica de dispersión sólida amorfa. Se encontró que el lote optimizado (FSRT-OB) era apto para la liberación promedio del 93,30 % del fármaco en forma de liberación sostenida hasta 12 horas. Los datos de la cinética de liberación sugieren que la liberación del fármaco estuvo controlada por una combinación de mecanismo de relajación de cadena y difusión. Se encontró que la concentración optimizada para Kollidon SR y HPMC K4M era 38,50 % y 7,72 % respectivamente. Conclusión: La técnica de dispersión sólida amorfa es útil para mejorar la solubilidad, la velocidad de disolución y la biodisponibilidad de la tableta de Febuxostat.Introduction: Febuxostat belongs to Biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class II drugs, which have low solubility and high permeability. Amorphous solid dispersion is one of the techniques which can be useful to improve solubility and powder characteristics. Objective: To optimize the concentration of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers to improve the dissolution rate and solubility of febuxostat tablets. Methods: The amorphous solid dispersion of febuxostat was prepared by spray drying method using Kolliphor P237 (1:2). This amorphous solid dispersion was further used to compress the tablet. To improve solubility and dissolution rate, a full factorial design was applied to optimize the critical concentration of Kollidon SR and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K4M). The prepared tablets were characterized by pre-compression and post-compression parameters. Result: The rate of drug release was sustained by formulating an amorphous solid dispersion technique. The optimized batch (FSRT-OB) was found to be fit for release average 93.30 % of the drug in sustain release manner up to 12hrs. The release kinetic data suggests that the drug release was controlled by combination of diffusion and chain relaxation mechanism. The optimized concentration for Kollidon SR and HPMC K4Mwas found to be 38.50 % and 7.72 % respectively. Conclusion: Amorphous solid dispersion technique is useful to enhance solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability of the Febuxostat tablet