Integral Representations Of Sl_2(z/nz)

The aim of this work is to determine for which commutative rings integral representations of SL_2(Z/nZ) exist and to explicitly compute them. We start with R = Z/pZ and then consider Z=p^\lambda Z. A new approach will be used to do this based on the Weil representation. We then consider general finite rings Z/nZ by extending methods described in [26]. We make extensive use of group theory, linear representations of finite groups, ring theory, algebraic geometry, and number theory. From number theory we will employ results regarding modular forms, Legendre symbols, Hilbert symbols, and quadratic forms. We consider the works of Andre Weil[38], Alexandre Nobs[23][24] and Udo Riese[26]. We explicitly compute the irreducible representations for several odd primes using Nobs and Wolfart\u27s methods. Then we will explore Riese\u27s[26] construction of the integral representations of SL2(A_\lambda) and explicitly compute them as the paper only proves the existence. We will use integrality results of the Weil representations by Luca Candelori, Shaul Zemel, and Yilong Wang (to appear). Then we will extend Reise\u27s results to construct integral representations for rings that are not of the form A_\lambda

Risk factors for septic arthritis of hip in neonates and infants

Background: Suppurative arthritis of hip is pyogenic inflammation of synovial membrane of the hip, usually due to bacterial infection. The main aim of early diagnosis and treatment of septic arthritis of hip is to prevent damage to articular cartilage and growth plate, give stable and painless hip and to resume normal development and prevent sequelae.Methods: Prospective interventional study consisted of 34 patients with 36 Hips septic arthritis of hip less than one year of age carried out at Department of Orthopedics of a tertiary care centre during August 2011 to December 2013. Risk factors and related laboratory investigations were carried out. Data entry and analysis was done by MS Excel 3.0.Results: In our study more than 70% patients presented after one week. Left sided hip involvement (59%) was more common followed by right hip (35%). Sex ratio of the study population was   M: F-4:6.  NICU admission was present in 94% cases.  In many of our patients there were more than one risk factors like septicemia, low birth weight, jaundice and ventilator support. Conclusions: All NICU neonates should be handled with strict aseptic precaution

Comparison study of compound fractures of tibial shaft treated by titanium and stainless steel interlocking nails

Background: The purpose of the present study was to compare the outcomes of compound fractures of tibia shaft managed by Solid Titanium and Stainless Steel interlocking intramedullary nailing.Methods: This is a retrospective study of 45 patients with 45 open fractures of tibia shaft operated primarily by either Solid Titanium or Stainless steel tibia interlocking nail.Results: In Our Study we had 45 patients with 45 open tibial fractures. All were male. 35 patients were from 20-50 years age group. Mean age was 36.4 years. In this study of 45 open tibial fractures following strict protocol of thorough debridement, primary wound closure and Solid Titanium or stainless steel interlocking nailing; it was observed at final follow up that patients operated by titanium nail compared to stainless steel had 6.45% vs. 14.29% infection rate, 12.9% vs. 21.89% rate of non-union and 3.22% vs. 7.14% screw breakage rate. According to modified ketenjian’s criteria in our study out of 31 patients operated by Titanium interlocking nail 17 (54.84%) excellent, 10 (32.26%) Good, 3(9.68%) fair and 1(3.22%) poor functional results while out of 14 patients managed by stainless steel nail 8 (57.14%) excellent, 3 (21.43%) good, 1 (7.14%) fair and 2 (14.28%) poor functional results. Conclusions: In open tibial fractures titanium interlocking implants offer lower complication rate as compared to stainless steel implants and better overall patient outcome

Study of outcomes of metaphyseal plate fixation in extra articular lower tibia fractures in adults

Background: The purpose of the present study was to see results of metaphyseal plate fixation in fractures of distal tibia in adults.Methods: This is a retrospective study of 45 patients with 45 open fractures of tibia operated primarily by either Solid Titanium or Stainless steel tibia interlocking nail within 24 hours of injury.Results: In Our Study we had studied 30 lower tibial fractures treated by precontoured metaphyseal anatomical plate. 24 (80%) patients were male. 19 patients were 20-45 years age group. Mean age was 34 years. 24(80%) fractures were due to Road traffic accidents. We had 26 (86%) patients with closed fracture and 4(14%) patients with open fracture. Average time of surgery in our series was 52 minutes. 6(20%) patients had infection. And 2(6.67%) patients had nonunion and both were due to infection and required implant removal and conversion to external fixation. Average time for fracture union was 18 months. In our study of 30 patients 23(76.67%) patients had good to excellent results as assessed by AOFAS score. Conclusions: From this study we can conclude that when properly indicated the use of anatomically precontoured medial tibial metaphyseal plate in treatment of distal tibia fractures gives good union and good functional result

Novel hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) binding domains on fibronectin and vitronectin coordinate a distinct and amplified Met-integrin induced signalling pathway in endothelial cells

BACKGROUND: The growth of new blood vessels in adult life requires the initiation of endothelial cell migration and proliferation from pre-existing vessels in addition to the recruitment and differentiation of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. Signals emanating from growth factors and the extracellular matrix are important in regulating these processes. RESULTS: Here we report that fibronectin (FN) and vitronectin (VN) modulate the responses of endothelial cells to HGF (Scatter Factor), an important pro-angiogenic mediator. Novel binding sites for HGF were identified on both FN and VN that generate molecular complexes with enhanced biological activity and these were identified in the supernatants of degranulated platelet suspensions implicating their release and formation in vivo. In the absence of co-stimulation with an ECM glycoprotein, HGF could not promote endothelial cell migration but retained the capacity to induce a proliferative response utilising the Map kinase pathway. Through promoting Met-Integrin association, HGF-FN and HGF-VN complexes coordinated and enhanced endothelial cell migration through activation of the PI-3 kinase pathway involving a Ras-dependent mechanism whereas a Ras-independent and attenuated migratory response was promoted by co-stimulation of cells with HGF and a non-binding partner ECM glycoprotein such as collagen-1. CONCLUSIONS: These studies identify a novel mechanism and pathway of HGF signalling in endothelial cells involving cooperation between Met and integrins in a Ras dependent manner. These findings have implications for the regulation of neovascularization in both health and disease

STATUS AND DIVERSITY OF ETHNO-MEDICINAL PLANTS OF DHINODHAR HILL, KACHCHH DISTRICT, GUJARAT

ABSTRACT: Some plants are uses by human community to cure diseases and health related problems from long period of time are called ethno-medicinal plants. Dhinodar Hill is located in Kachchh district under arid zone of India; in spite of this many medicinal plants are found in the various parts of this district. These medicinal plants and their ethnic uses are losing day by day due to loss of traditional knowledge and habitat destruction so; this study was carried out to document the medicinal plants and its associated traditional knowledge. A total of 220 plants recorded from this hilly tract, out of which 35 medicinal plants identified. These medicinal plants are used by the local community in curing 53 types of disease and health related problems. This study recorded some plant species viz; Commiphora wightii, Capparis cartilaginea, Sterculia urens, Sarcocostemma acidum, Tinospora cordifolia, having high medicinal values. It was found that Fagonia schweienfurthii (1850.65Density/ha) and Achyranthes aspera var. argentea (1331.17 Density/ha) were most dense medicinal plants of the Hill, and the diversity of medicinal plant were high in mixed vegetation habitat. In conclusion, the medicinal species require special attention to conserve and documentation of their medicinal uses for local people and future commercial production

The impact of trisomy 21 on epidemiology, management, and outcomes of congenital duodenal obstruction: a population-based study

Abstract: Purpose: Congenital duodenal obstruction (CDO) is associated with trisomy 21 (T21), or Down’s syndrome, in around a third of infants. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of T21 on the epidemiology, management, and outcomes of infants with CDO. Methods: Data were prospectively collected from specialist neonatal surgical centres in the United Kingdom over a 12 month period from March 2016 using established population-based methodology for all babies with CDO. Infants with T21 were compared to those without any chromosomal anomaly. Results: Of 102 infants with CDO that underwent operative repair, T21 was present in 33 [32% (95% CI 23–41%)] babies. Cardiac anomalies were more common in those with T21 compared to those without a chromosomal anomaly (91 vs 17%, p < 0.001), whereas associated gastrointestinal anomalies were less common in infants with T21 (3 vs 12%, p = 0.03). Surgical management was not influenced by T21. Time to achieve full enteral feed, need for repeat related surgery, and mortality were similar between groups. Infants with T21 had a longer median initial inpatient stay (23 vs 16.5 days, p = 0.02). Conclusions: Infants with T21 have a higher incidence of cardiac anomalies and a longer initial inpatient stay; however, it does not change CDO management or outcomes. This information is important for prenatal and postnatal counselling of parents of infants with CDO and T21

The impact of trisomy 21 on epidemiology, management, and outcomes of congenital duodenal obstruction: a population-based study

Abstract: Purpose: Congenital duodenal obstruction (CDO) is associated with trisomy 21 (T21), or Down’s syndrome, in around a third of infants. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of T21 on the epidemiology, management, and outcomes of infants with CDO. Methods: Data were prospectively collected from specialist neonatal surgical centres in the United Kingdom over a 12 month period from March 2016 using established population-based methodology for all babies with CDO. Infants with T21 were compared to those without any chromosomal anomaly. Results: Of 102 infants with CDO that underwent operative repair, T21 was present in 33 [32% (95% CI 23–41%)] babies. Cardiac anomalies were more common in those with T21 compared to those without a chromosomal anomaly (91 vs 17%, p < 0.001), whereas associated gastrointestinal anomalies were less common in infants with T21 (3 vs 12%, p = 0.03). Surgical management was not influenced by T21. Time to achieve full enteral feed, need for repeat related surgery, and mortality were similar between groups. Infants with T21 had a longer median initial inpatient stay (23 vs 16.5 days, p = 0.02). Conclusions: Infants with T21 have a higher incidence of cardiac anomalies and a longer initial inpatient stay; however, it does not change CDO management or outcomes. This information is important for prenatal and postnatal counselling of parents of infants with CDO and T21