Additional data on post-Paleozoic sea-lilies (Crinoidea, Echinodermata) from the Outer Carpathians of the Czech Republic and Poland

Jurassic (Tithonian) and Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian/Valanginian-Hauterivian) strata of the Vendryně and Cieszyn Limestones formations in the Czech Republic and Poland are locally rich in crinoid remains, consisting of whole cups, isolated cup elements, brachial plates, columnals and pluricolumnals, cirrals, and holdfasts. They are assigned to isocrinids (Isocrinida: Isocrinus cf. amblyscalaris, Isocrinida indet.), cyrtocrinids (Cyrtocrinida: Eugeniacrinites sp., Phyllocrinus sp., Gammarocrinites sp., Hemicrinus tithonicus, Plicatocrinus hexagonus, Cyrtocrinida indet.), millericrinids (Millericrinida: Millericrinida indet.), and thiolliericrinids (Comatulida, Thiolliericrinidae: Thiolliericrinidae gen. et sp. Indet.). Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) and Paleogene (Paleocene-Oligocene) crinoids from the Subsilesian Unit are recorded as individual remains belonging to: Isocrinida indet., Cyrtocrinida indet., bourgueticrinids (Comatulida, Bourgueticrinina: Bourgueticrinina fam. et gen. indet.) and roveacrinids (Roveacrinida, Roveacrinidae gen. et sp. indet.). Roveacrinids were retrieved only from Maastrichtian samples. Despite the conclusions previously presented that isocrinids of the Outer Flysch Carpathians dominated around the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary due to the very shallow sedimentary environment of these strata, we can now conclude that they were common and associated with cyrtocrinids in all types of environments. It is also worth mentioning that cyrtocrinids and isocrinids occur in Paleogene sediments that were deposited in extremely shallow environments. On the other hand, many literature data suggested that Cretaceous (by mid-Cretaceous) isocrinids migrated to deep-water areas, as a response to an increase in the number of predators during the so-called Mesozoic marine revolution

Change of the current area of occurrence of Polish moldavites on the basis of a new find from the Opole region

The moldavites are Miocene tektites foundin Central Europe. Their presence in the Badenian sediments are rare due to fluvial reworking in the area. In the clay sediments of the Poznań Formation, in the Dębina profile, one moldavite was found, which is the fourth tektite from these sediments from Poland. It had dimensions of 14 X 10 X 8 mm and a weight of 1.03 gram. The glass surface was richly ornamented, and indicates a quick deposition, without any long-distance fluvial abrasion. Currently, depending on the age ofthe sediments in which they occur, two substrewn fields of Ries-same-age and redeposited moldavites were characterized in SW Poland

A new Polish tektite finds from the Zittau Basin area

To date, 36 moldavites have been found in 9 sites from south-western Poland. The newest ones, i.e. 2 tektites, presented herein come from the Turów Mine in the Zittau Basin. Both moldavite specimens were collected from the fluvial sandy gravels of the Gozdnica Formation, of late Miocene age. Taking into account the macroscopic features of the studied glass, it should be assumed that one of them had been reworked over a maximum distance of several kilometres, while the other one had overcome a further reworking, not exceeding50 km though. The moldavites considered herein were most probably ejected from the Ries crater into the Zittau Basin within the Badenian sediments, later transported by the Lusatian Neisse river and finally redeposited within Pannonian sediments

MicroCT tomography of the Middle Devonian crinoid genus Haplocrinites from Poland

A specimen of the Middle Devonian crinoid genus Haplocrinites (WNoZ/S/4/224/1) was scanned with microtomography to better visualize its internal and external morphology. The scan was performed in 2022 in the Faculty X-ray Microtomography Laboratory at the Faculty of Computer Science and Material Science, University of Silesia in Katowice, Chorzów, Poland, using the General Electric Phoenix v|tome|x micro-CT equipment at 160 kV, 70 μA and scanning time of 20 min. Projection images were captured using a 1,000×2,024 pxs scintillator/CCD with an exposure time of 250 ms and processed using Volume Graphics® VGSTUDIO Max software and analysed using Volume Graphics® myVGL viewer.A rich collection of well-preserved Middle Devonian crinoid thecae from Holy Cross Mountains (Świętomarz locality, Poland) is described. They are attributed to the widely distributed inadunate crinoid genus Haplocrinites. Using a traditional classification these thecae should be assigned to two species (H. aremoricensis and H. boitardi). However, a wide range of morphologic variation suggests that this assemblage represents morphological variants of a single species. This is supported by morphometric analyses which revealed that these thecae are not clustered into two morphologically distinct groups. These data show that the number of haplocrinitid species is likely overestimated. Traditional classifications based on the cup shape and ornamentation are no longer tenable, and require substantial revision. The diagnosis of H. boitardi is emended to encompass a broader range of morphologic variation. H. aremoricensis is a junior synonym of H. boitardi.Narodowe Centrum Nauk

Substrate type and palaeodepth do not affect the Middle Jurassic taxonomic diversity of crinoids

Crinoids are largely considered as good indicators for determining environmental conditions. They are robust proxies for inferring changes in salinity and sedimentation rate and for inferring substrate type. Some crinoid groups (e.g., certain comatulids, cyrtocrinids, millericrinids) have a depth preference, thus, making them useful for palaeodepth estimation. The hypotheses that crinoid distribution is substrate-dependent (rock type) or palaeodepth-dependent is tested here based on (a) archival Bathonian-Callovian (Middle Jurassic) crinoid occurrences from Poland and (b) newer finds from five boreholes from eastern Poland. Qualitative data suggests that isocrinids and cyclocrinids occur in both carbonate and siliciclastic rocks. The cyrtocrinids and roveacrinids occur within carbonate rocks, whereas the comatulids are exclusive to siliciclastics. In terms of palaeodepth, most crinoid groups dominate in shallow environments with the sole exception of cyrtocrinids, that are ubiquitous and occur in both shallow (near shore and shallow marine) and slightly deeper (deeper sublittoral to open shelf) settings. The occurrences of the cosmopolitan taxa, Chariocrinus andreae and Balanocrinus subteres (isocrinids), is independent of both substrate type and palaeodepth. Quantitative analyses (Analysis Of Variance; ANOVA) based on substrate type, i.e., substrate-dependency (claystones, sandstones and limestones), and palaeodepth i.e., palaeodepth-dependency (near shore, shallow-marine, mid-ramp and offshore), corroborate qualitative results. Statistical analysis suggest that the distribution of crinoids shows a strong substrate-dependency but not for palaeodepth, although very weak significance (low p value) is noted for near shore and shallow marine settings and crinoid distribution

Unraveling the hidden paleobiodiversity of the Middle Devonian (Emsian) crinoids (Crinoidea, Echinodermata) from Poland

Most previous publications on Devonian crinoids from the Holy Cross Mountains in Poland have concentrated on crinoid columns, and until now, little has been published about crinoid cups and calyxes. Herein, five crinoid taxa are described from an abundant occurrence of aboral cups and partial crowns from the Bukowa Góra Member (Emsian) in the Holy Cross Mountains of southern Poland. The following taxa are described: Bactrocrinites sp., Codiacrinus sevastopuloi sp. nov., Halocrinites geminatus (Bohatý, 2005), Halocrinites schlotheimii Steininger, 1831, and a single brachial plate from a flexible crinoid placed in Flexibilia incertae sedis. Simple discoid holdfasts are also present encrusted to cylindrical stromatoporoids. These taxa are the first crinoids described from the remains of partial crowns from Emsian strata of Poland

The latest shallow-sea isocrinids from the Miocene of Paratethys and implications to the Mesozoic marine revolution

Abstract The predation-driven Mesozoic marine revolution (MMR) is believed to have induced a dramatic change in the bathymetric distribution of many shallow marine invertebrates since the late Mesozoic. For instance, stalked crinoids – isocrinids (Isocrinida) have undergone a striking decline in shallow-sea environments and today they are restricted to deep-sea settings (below 100 m depth). However, the timing and synchronicity of this shift are a matter of debate. A delayed onset of MMR and/or shifts to a retrograde, low-predation community structure during the Paleogene in the Southern Ocean were invoked. In particular, recent data from the Southern Hemisphere suggest that the environmental restriction of isocrinids to the deep-sea settings may have occurred at the end of the Eocene around Antarctica and Australia, and later in the early Miocene in New Zealand. Here, we report the anomalous occurrence of the isocrinids in shallow nearshore marine facies from the middle Miocene of Poland (Northern Hemisphere, Central Paratethys). Thus, globally, this is the youngest record of shallow-sea stalked crinoids. This finding suggests that some relict stalked crinoids may have been able to live in the shallow-water environments by the middle Miocene, and further confirms that the depth restriction of isocrinids to offshore environments was not synchronous on a global scale

Recent Advances in Ichnology of Crawling Stalked Crinoids

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