Simultaneous high-speed spectroscopy and 2-color pyrometry analysis in an optical compression ignition engine fueled with OME X -diesel blends

[EN] E-fuels are a very attractive way for improving the well-to-wheel emissions of CO 2 in internal combustion engines. In the particular case of compression ignition engines, the Oxymethylene dimethyl ether (OME X ), an e-fuel with nearly soot-free combustion under mixing-controlled conditions, is a good candidate for the replacement of fossil fuels. However, the Lower Heating Value of OME X is nearly half of the diesel fuel, which means that much longer injection durations are required in the real engine. In addition, the very low viscosity and lubricity of OME X can damage the injection system if used pure, but it can be an interesting fuel when blended with conventional diesel. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to evaluate the potential of OME X -diesel blends to bypass these OME X limitations whilst keeping low soot formation trends. For this purpose, a single cylinder optical diesel engine at part load was employed. The soot production for the different fuel blends was analyzed by applying three different high-speed imaging techniques: natural luminosity, flame spectroscopy and 2-color pyrometry. Natural luminosity analysis showed that the flame light intensity scales with diesel fraction up to 30% of diesel in the blend. The spectroscopy analysis has revealed that soot formation of OME X fuel is almost null. When blended with diesel at 50%, although soot formation is still lower than for pure diesel, higher soot levels are obtained in the last stages of the cycle as a consequence of the longer injections required.This work was partially funded by Generalitat Valenciana through the Programa Santiago Grisola (GRISOLIAP/2018/142) program.Pastor, JV.; García Martínez, A.; Micó, C.; De Vargas Lewiski, F. (2021). Simultaneous high-speed spectroscopy and 2-color pyrometry analysis in an optical compression ignition engine fueled with OME X -diesel blends. Combustion and Flame. 230:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2021.111437S11323

Allergy to Uncommon Pets: New Allergies but the Same Allergens.

The prevalence of exotic pet allergies has been increasing over the last decade. Years ago, the main allergy-causing domestic animals were dogs and cats, although nowadays there is an increasing number of allergic diseases related to insects, rodents, amphibians, fish, and birds, among others. The current socio-economic situation, in which more and more people have to live in small apartments, might be related to this tendency. The main allergic symptoms related to exotic pets are the same as those described for dog and cat allergy: respiratory symptoms. Animal allergens are therefore, important sensitizing agents and an important risk factor for asthma. There are three main protein families implicated in these allergies, which are the lipocalin superfamily, serum albumin family, and secretoglobin superfamily. Detailed knowledge of the characteristics of allergens is crucial to improvement treatment of uncommon-pet allergies

Live the Unab - Issue 475

Cambios sustanciales en la composición de la Junta Directiva de la UNAB, la admisión de nuevos corporados, la entrada en vigencia de reformas y reglamentos, el balance financiero con todos sus bemoles así como un nuevo Plan de Desarrollo, fueron algunos de los temas planteados y aprobados en la Asamblea General de Corporados efectuada el pasado martes 12 de marzo en la Casona UNAB. “El 2018 fue un año muy especial no solo porque hubo cambio en la dirección de nuestra Institución al retirarse Alberto Montoya Puyana y llegar Juan Camilo Montoya Bozzi, sino porque hicimos una reforma al Gobierno Corporativo que incluyó un nuevo Código de Gobierno, Reforma Estatutaria, Código de Ética, Política de Arquitectura de Control, Reglamento del Comité Financiero, Reglamento Interno de la Junta Directiva, Reglamento del Consejo de Beneméritos y habremos de aprobar en un momento el Reglamento de esta Sala de Corporados.2018 fue un año de logros y cambios sustanciales en la UNAB; Por Pastor Virviescas Gómez…01 Julián de Zubiría habla sin tapujos de la universidad; Por Pastor Virviescas Gómez…10 “La docencia es apasionar a un joven y desarrollar unos procesos”; Por Pastor Virviescas Gómez…12 Bell Park es el nuevo asesor de internacionalización con Corea del Sur; Por Ludy Carolina Toscano Vargas…14 Homenaje de Afacom al profesor Guillermo León Aguilar Roldán; Por Pastor Virviescas Gómez…15 “Ahora con las redes sociales cualquiera tuitea y ya es periodista”: Andrés Marocco; Por Pastor Virviescas Gómez…16 Más de 1.000 egresados en los programas de UNAB-Unisangil; Por Carlos Wilfrido Neme Monroy…18 ‘Pinceles y Fogones’, obras y recetas de cuatro artistas en La Casona UNAB; Por Lynda Vanessa Bula Barbosa…19 Desafíos de la educación superior…20 Soluciones UNAB…20 Libro de Derecho…20Substantial changes in the composition of the UNAB Board of Directors, the admission of new corporations, the entry into force of reforms and regulations, the financial balance with all its flats as well as a new Development Plan, were some of the issues raised and approved at the General Assembly of Corporates held last Tuesday, March 12 at Casona UNAB. “2018 was a very special year not only because there was a change in the direction of our Institution when Alberto Montoya Puyana retired and Juan Camilo Montoya Bozzi arrived, but because we made a reform to the Corporate Governance that included a new Government Code, Statutory Reform, Code of Ethics, Control Architecture Policy, Regulation of the Financial Committee, Internal Regulation of the Board of Directors, Regulation of the Council of Beneméritos and we will have to approve in a moment the Regulation of this Chamber of Corporates

LTP Allergy Follow-Up Study: Development of Allergy to New Plant Foods 10 Years Later

Introduction: Allergy to nonspecific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP) is the main cause of plant-food allergy in Spain. nsLTPs are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and have high cross-reactivity but extremely variable clinical expression. Little is known about the natural evolution of this allergy, which complicates management. The objective of this study was to assess the development of allergy to new plant foods in nsLTP-sensitized patients 10 years after diagnosis. Methods: One hundred fifty-one patients showing specific IgE to nsLTP determined by ISAC (Thermofisher) were included. After clinical workup (i.e., anamnesis, skin test, and challenge when needed), these patients were divided into two groups: 113 patients allergic to one or more plant food (74.5%) and 38 patients not allergic to any plant food (25.1%). Ten years later, a telephone interview was conducted to check whether patients had developed additional allergic reactions to plant foods. Results: Ten years after diagnosis, 35 of the 113 (31%) plant-food-allergic patients sensitized to nsLTP reported reactions to new, previously tolerated plant foods, mainly Rosaceae/Prunoideae fruits and nuts followed by vegetables, Rosacea/Pomoideae fruits, legumes, and cereals. Five out of 38 (13.2%) patients previously sensitized to nsLTP but without allergy to any plant food had experienced allergic reactions to some plant food: two to Rosaceae/Prunoideae fruits, two to Rosaceae/Prunoideae fruit and nuts, and one to legumes. Conclusion: Patients sensitized to nsLTP developed allergic reactions to other plant foods, mainly Rosaceae-Prunoideae fruits and nuts. This was more frequent among plant-food-allergic patients than among those who had never had plant-food allergy

Garantismo y crisis de la justicia

Esta obra representa una importante reflexión teórica producto de la labor investigativa de sus autores, en torno a uno de los problemas de mayor actualidad en la sociedad contemporánea, cual es, la tensión permanente que se presenta entre la necesidad que tiene el Estado de garantizar un orden o control social y al mismo tiempo, la exigencia actual de la garantía y protección de los derechos fundamentales

Regulatory sites for splicing in human basal ganglia are enriched for disease-relevant information

Genome-wide association studies have generated an increasing number of common genetic variants associated with neurological and psychiatric disease risk. An improved understanding of the genetic control of gene expression in human brain is vital considering this is the likely modus operandum for many causal variants. However, human brain sampling complexities limit the explanatory power of brain-related expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and allele-specific expression (ASE) signals. We address this, using paired genomic and transcriptomic data from putamen and substantia nigra from 117 human brains, interrogating regulation at different RNA processing stages and uncovering novel transcripts. We identify disease-relevant regulatory loci, find that splicing eQTLs are enriched for regulatory information of neuron-specific genes, that ASEs provide cell-specific regulatory information with evidence for cellular specificity, and that incomplete annotation of the brain transcriptome limits interpretation of risk loci for neuropsychiatric disease. This resource of regulatory data is accessible through our web server, http://braineacv2.inf.um.es/

Moving beyond neurons: the role of cell type-specific gene regulation in Parkinson's disease heritability

Parkinson’s disease (PD), with its characteristic loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and deposition of α-synuclein in neurons, is often considered a neuronal disorder. However, in recent years substantial evidence has emerged to implicate glial cell types, such as astrocytes and microglia. In this study, we used stratified LD score regression and expression-weighted cell-type enrichment together with several brain-related and cell-type-specific genomic annotations to connect human genomic PD findings to specific brain cell types. We found that PD heritability attributable to common variation does not enrich in global and regional brain annotations or brain-related cell-type-specific annotations. Likewise, we found no enrichment of PD susceptibility genes in brain-related cell types. In contrast, we demonstrated a significant enrichment of PD heritability in a curated lysosomal gene set highly expressed in astrocytic, microglial, and oligodendrocyte subtypes, and in LoF-intolerant genes, which were found highly expressed in almost all tested cellular subtypes. Our results suggest that PD risk loci do not lie in specific cell types or individual brain regions, but rather in global cellular processes detectable across several cell types

Identification of novel risk loci, causal insights, and heritable risk for Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies

Background Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Parkinson's disease have increased the scope of biological knowledge about the disease over the past decade. We aimed to use the largest aggregate of GWAS data to identify novel risk loci and gain further insight into the causes of Parkinson's disease. Methods We did a meta-analysis of 17 datasets from Parkinson's disease GWAS available from European ancestry samples to nominate novel loci for disease risk. These datasets incorporated all available data. We then used these data to estimate heritable risk and develop predictive models of this heritability. We also used large gene expression and methylation resources to examine possible functional consequences as well as tissue, cell type, and biological pathway enrichments for the identified risk factors. Additionally, we examined shared genetic risk between Parkinson's disease and other phenotypes of interest via genetic correlations followed by Mendelian randomisation. Findings Between Oct 1, 2017, and Aug 9, 2018, we analysed 7·8 million single nucleotide polymorphisms in 37 688 cases, 18 618 UK Biobank proxy-cases (ie, individuals who do not have Parkinson's disease but have a first degree relative that does), and 1·4 million controls. We identified 90 independent genome-wide significant risk signals across 78 genomic regions, including 38 novel independent risk signals in 37 loci. These 90 variants explained 16–36% of the heritable risk of Parkinson's disease depending on prevalence. Integrating methylation and expression data within a Mendelian randomisation framework identified putatively associated genes at 70 risk signals underlying GWAS loci for follow-up functional studies. Tissue-specific expression enrichment analyses suggested Parkinson's disease loci were heavily brain-enriched, with specific neuronal cell types being implicated from single cell data. We found significant genetic correlations with brain volumes (false discovery rate-adjusted p=0·0035 for intracranial volume, p=0·024 for putamen volume), smoking status (p=0·024), and educational attainment (p=0·038). Mendelian randomisation between cognitive performance and Parkinson's disease risk showed a robust association (p=8·00 × 10−7). Interpretation These data provide the most comprehensive survey of genetic risk within Parkinson's disease to date, to the best of our knowledge, by revealing many additional Parkinson's disease risk loci, providing a biological context for these risk factors, and showing that a considerable genetic component of this disease remains unidentified. These associations derived from European ancestry datasets will need to be followed-up with more diverse data. Funding The National Institute on Aging at the National Institutes of Health (USA), The Michael J Fox Foundation, and The Parkinson's Foundation (see appendix for full list of funding sources)