6,861 research outputs found
El museu com a institució educativa (Anàlisi de les tendències actuals dins l'educació en el museu)
Sensitivity of precipitation forecasts to convective parameterization in the October 2007 Flash Flood in the Valencia Region (Eastern Spain)
The Valencia region, on the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula, is
an area prone to torrential rains, especially the north of Alicante province
and the south of Valencia province. In October 2007, a torrential rain event
with accumulated rainfall values exceeding 400 mm in less than 24 h
affected the aforementioned areas, producing flash floods that caused
extensive economic losses and human casualties. Several simulations of this
rain event have been performed with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System
(RAMS) to test the influence of the different convective parameterization
scheme implemented in the model on the precipitation forecast
Scaling behavior of the contact process in networks with long-range connections
We present simulation results for the contact process on regular, cubic
networks that are composed of a one-dimensional lattice and a set of long edges
with unbounded length. Networks with different sets of long edges are
considered, that are characterized by different shortest-path dimensions and
random-walk dimensions. We provide numerical evidence that an absorbing phase
transition occurs at some finite value of the infection rate and the
corresponding dynamical critical exponents depend on the underlying network.
Furthermore, the time-dependent quantities exhibit log-periodic oscillations in
agreement with the discrete scale invariance of the networks. In case of
spreading from an initial active seed, the critical exponents are found to
depend on the location of the initial seed and break the hyper-scaling law of
the directed percolation universality class due to the inhomogeneity of the
networks. However, if the cluster spreading quantities are averaged over
initial sites the hyper-scaling law is restored.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figure
Redefining the role of obstacles in pedestrian evacuation
The placement of obstacles in front of doors is believed to be an effective strategy to increase the flow of pedestrians, hence improving the evacuation process. Since it was first suggested, this counterintuitive feature is considered a hallmark of pedestrian flows through bottlenecks. Indeed, despite the little experimental evidence, the placement of an obstacle has been hailed as the panacea for solving evacuation problems. In this work, we challenge this idea and experimentally demonstrate that the pedestrians flow rate is not necessarily altered by the presence of an obstacle. This result - which is at odds with recent demonstrations on its suitability for the cases of granular media, sheep and mice - differs from the outcomes of most of existing numerical models, and warns about the risks of carelessly extrapolating animal behaviour to humans. Our experimental findings also reveal an unnoticed phenomenon in relation with the crowd movement in front of the exit: in competitive evacuations, an obstacle attenuates the development of collective transversal rushes, which are hazardous as they might cause falls.Fil: Garcimartín, A.. Universidad de Navarra; EspañaFil: Maza, D.. Universidad de Navarra; EspañaFil: Pastor, J. M.. Focke Meler Gluing Solutions S.A.; EspañaFil: Parisi, Daniel Ricardo. Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Martín Gómez, C.. Universidad de Navarra; EspañaFil: Zuriguel, I.. Universidad de Navarra; Españ
Photon Filamentation in Resonant Media with High Fresnel Numbers
The phenomenon of turbulent photon filamentation occurs in lasers and other
active optical media at high Fresnel numbers. A description of this phenomenon
is suggested. The solutions to evolution equations are presented in the form of
a bunch of filaments chaotically distributed in space and having different
radii. The probability distribution of patterns is defined characterizing the
probabilistic weight of different filaments. The most probable filament radius
and filament number are found, being in good agreement with experiment.Comment: Revtex file, 5 pages. Reference to the English edition of the journal
is give
Entropy-driven phase transition in a system of long rods on a square lattice
The isotropic-nematic (I-N) phase transition in a system of long straight
rigid rods of length k on square lattices is studied by combining Monte Carlo
simulations and theoretical analysis. The process is analyzed by comparing the
configurational entropy of the system with the corresponding to a fully aligned
system, whose calculation reduces to the 1D case. The results obtained (1)
allow to estimate the minimum value of k which leads to the formation of a
nematic phase and provide an interesting interpretation of this critical value;
(2) provide numerical evidence on the existence of a second phase transition
(from a nematic to a non-nematic state) occurring at density close to 1 and (3)
allow to test the predictions of the main theoretical models developed to treat
the polymers adsorption problem.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in JSTA
Active cervical range of motion in babies with positional plagiocephaly: Analytical cross-sectional study
Positional plagiocephaly (PP) is a general term describing cranial distortion from preor postnatal forces on the infant head. Abnormal intrauterine forces, multiple births, primiparous mothers, obstetric interventions, prematurity, male sex, excessive time lying in the supine position, and mobility restrictions of the cervical spine have been considered as the main predisposing factors. The objective was to investigate the association between the severity of PP and the active cervical rotation and to analyze the influence of predisposing factors in babies with PP. An analytical crosssectional study was performed on 74 babies with moderate PP. Clinical and demographic data, cranial vault asymmetry, and active cervical rotation range of motion (ROM) were measured. Associations were analyzed with generalized linear models. The mean age was 16.8 ± 5.0 weeks, and 56.8% were male. A restriction in the ROM of active cervical rotation, especially to the left side, was observed. Our models showed that cranial asymmetry was related with left active cervical rotation ROM (p = 0.034) and with being transported in a pushchair (p < 0.001). Conclusions: An increased severity of PP was related with being transported in a baby pushchair and with a reduced active cervical rotation ROM toward the most restricted side. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
Osteocondritis de los sesamoideos del hallux: revisión de la literatura a propósito de un caso
La osteocondritis de los sesamoideos del hallux es una afección poco frecuente que puede afectar tanto al sesamoideo medial como al lateral. Presentamos un caso de osteocondritis del sesamoideo externo en una mujer de 27 años, con clínica de dolor de un año de evolución, que se resolvió satisfactoriamente con la excisión quirúrgica del mismo. Comparamos el tratamiento realizado con otros publicados, realizando una revisión de la literatura con respecto a sus causas, los métodos diagnósticos y los tratamientos empleados.Osteochondritis of the sesamoid bones is an unfrequent condition wich may affect both the medial and lateral hallux sesamoids. We report a case of osteochondritis of the external sesamoid in a 27 years old woman, with a one year clinical pain evolution, wich was satisfactory solved by carrying out its surgical excision. We compare the treatment carried out with others that have been published, reviewing the literature that refers to its causes, the diagnostic methods and treatment use
Revolving doors and conflicts of interest in health regulatory agencies in Brazil
Regulatory health agencies exist in most
public health systems (PHS) and play a
crucial role in enacting regulation and overseeing
economic activities in order to ensure
the quality of health systems, goods and
services.1 Multiple practices of corruption
such as bribery or fraud have been reported
in health policy and systems.2 Public health
agencies are particularly susceptible to ‘regulatory
capture’,3 4 a process by which an
agency advances the special interests of the
industries and of other actors it is entrusted
with regulating. One of the mechanisms that
can potentially lead to an agency capture is
the so-called
‘revolving door’,5 the situation
where an exchange of roles between public
regulators and regulated institutions may
result in health policy decisions which are
biased in favour of industry interests.
Revolving doors have previously been
described in the USA and Europe, with an
emphasis on legislative, energy, financial
and patent agencies. However, there is little
empirical evidence on the scale and scope
of this problem in PHS. In this commentary,
we explore the extent of the revolving
doors phenomenon in Brazil by analysing
the professional trajectories of public agents
who held high positions at the two key health
regulatory agencies in the country between
1999 and 2018
- …