Resistance Training in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats with Severe Hypertension

Background: Resistance training (RT) has been recommended as a non-pharmacological treatment for moderate hypertension. In spite of the important role of exercise intensity on training prescription, there is still no data regarding the effects of RT intensity on severe hypertension (SH). Objective: This study examined the effects of two RT protocols (vertical ladder climbing), performed at different overloads of maximal weight carried (MWC), on blood pressure (BP) and muscle strength of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with SH. Methods: Fifteen male SHR [206 +/- 10 mmHg of systolic BP (SBP)] and five Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY; 119 +/- 10 mmHg of SBP) were divided into 4 groups: sedentary (SED-WKY) and SHR (SED-SHR); RT1-SHR training relative to body weight (similar to 40% of MWC); and RT2-SHR training relative to MWC test (similar to 70% of MWC). Systolic BP and heart rate (HR) were measured weekly using the tail-cuff method. The progression of muscle strength was determined once every fifteen days. The RT consisted of 3 weekly sessions on non-consecutive days for 12-weeks. Results: Both RT protocols prevented the increase in SBP (delta -5 and -7 mmHg, respectively; p > 0.05), whereas SBP of the SED-SHR group increased by 19 mmHg (p 0.05). Conclusions: Our data indicated that both RT protocols were effective in preventing chronic elevation of SBP in SH. Additionally, a higher RT overload induced a greater increase in muscle strength.Fundamentos: O treinamento de força (TF) tem sido recomendado como tratamento não farmacológico para hipertensão arterial moderada. Apesar do papel importante que a intensidade do exercício desempenha sobre a prescrição do treinamento, ainda não há nenhum dado avaliando os efeitos da intensidade do TF sobre a hipertensão arterial grave (HAG). Objetivo: Este estudo analisou os efeitos de dois protocolos do TF(subida em escada vertical), realizados com diferentes sobrecargas do peso máximo carregado (PMC), sobre a pressão arterial (PA) e a força muscular de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) com HAG. Métodos: Quinze SHR machos (206 ± 10 mmHg de PA sistólica (PAS)) e cinco ratos Wistar Kyoto (WKY; 119 ± 10 mmHg de PAS) foram divididos em 4grupos:sedentários: (SED-WKY) e SHR (SED-SHR); treinados: TF1-SHR conforme o peso corporal (~40% do PMC); e TF2-SHR conforme o teste de PMC (~70% do PMC). Foram coletadas medidas de PAS e a frequência cardíaca (FC) semanalmente usando o método de pressão arterial caudal. A progressão da força muscular foi determinada a cada 15 dias. O TF consistiu de 3 sessões semanais em dias não consecutivos durante 12 semanas. Resultados: Os dois protocolos de TF preveniram o aumento da PAS(respectivamente, delta - 5 e -7 mmHg; p > 0, 05), enquanto que a PAS do grupo SED-SHR aumentou em 19 mmHg (p 0, 05). Conclusões: Nossos dados indicam que ambos os protocolos de TF foram efetivos na prevenção da elevação crônica da PAS na HAG. Além disso, sobrecargas maiores de TF induziram a um maior aumento de força muscular.CapesCNPqUniv Catolica Brasilia, Programa Posgrad Educ Fis, Brasilia, DF, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Programa Posgrad Med Translac, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Div Nefrol, Lab Imunol Clin & Expt, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Med, Div Nefrol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Escola Artes Ciencias & Humanidades, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Inst Ciencias Biomed, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Fisiol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Programa Posgrad Med Translac, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Div Nefrol, Lab Imunol Clin & Expt, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Med, Div Nefrol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Fisiol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Dynamic, Not Isometric Resistance Training Improves Muscle Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Hypertrophy in Rats

This study aimed to compare the effects of dynamic (DRT) and isometric (IRT) resistance training on blood glucose, muscle redox capacity, inflammatory state, and muscle strength and hypertrophy. Fifteen 12-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into three groups: control group (CTL), DRT, and IRT, n = 5 animals per group. The animals were submitted to a maximal weight carried (MWC; every 15 days) and maximum isometric resistance (MIR; pre- and post-training) tests. Both training protocols were performed five times a week during 12 weeks, consisting of one set of eight uninterrupted climbs for 1 min with a 30% overload of MWC. The animals in the IRT group remained under isometry for 1 min. The DRT group experienced greater MWC from pre- to post-training compared to the CTL and IRT groups (p < 0.0001). The DRT and IRT groups displayed similar gains in MIR (p = 0.3658). The DRT group exhibited improved glycemic homeostasis (p = 0.0111), redox (p < 0.0001), and inflammatory (p < 0.0001) balance as compared with CTL and IRT groups. In addition, the improved glycemic profile was associated with an increase in muscle strength and hypertrophy, improvement in redox balance and inflammation status. We conclude that DRT was more effective than IRT on increasing cross-sectional area, but not muscle strength, in parallel to improved blood glucose, inflammatory status, and redox balance

Treinamento resistido impede a elevação da pressão arterial e aumenta a força muscular em ratos espontaneamente hipertenos-shr

Atualmente o treinamento resistido (TR) é recomendado como medida não farmacológica para a prevenção e tratamento da hipertensão arterial (HA), entretanto, os efeitos do TR na HA severa é desconhecido. Desse modo, o presente estudo avaliou os efeitos do TR (escalada na escada vertical) nas respostas cardiovasculares e musculares em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) com HA severa. Foram selecionados 15 ratos SHR e cinco ratos Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) todos com 17 semanas de idade. Os animais foram randomizados e separados em quatro grupos, com cinco ratos em cada: sedentário WKY (SED-WKY); sedentário SHR (SED-SHR); treinamento resistido baseado no peso corporal (PC) (TR1-SHR) e treinamento resistido baseado na máxima carga carregada (MCC) (TR2-SHR). Inicialmente, os animais foram familiarizados no aparato (escada) de TR para ratos por duas semanas. O TR consistiu em três sessões semanais em dias não consecutivos durante 12 semanas. O protocolo de TR para o grupo TR1 foi prescrito a intensidades submáximas do PC (30-70%) ou 20-46% da MCC, já o TR para o grupo TR2 foi prescrito relativo à MCC (30-70%) ou 51-118% do PC. Ambos os grupos TR1 e TR2 ao final do treinamento diminuíram a pressão arterial (PA) em torno de 31 mmHg e 26 mmHg, respectivamente, comparados ao grupo SED-SHR (P < 0,05). Os grupos TR1 e TR2 apresentaram redução no final do treinamento na frequência cardíaca (FC) e duplo produto (DP), quando comparado ao grupo SED-SHR (P < 0,05), embora somente o grupo TR1 obteve queda significativa da FC e DP no pós-treinamento em relação ao seu valor basal (P < 0,05). O grupo TR2 apresentou um maior ganho na força muscular (140%) em comparação ao grupo TR1 (11%) (P < 0,05). Independente do TR prescrito, ambos os protocolos foram eficazes na atenuação da elevação crônica da PA pelo processo de envelhecimento, além de diminuir a FC e o DP quando comparados aos ratos SHR sedentários. O protocolo prescrito para o grupo TR2 foi mais eficiente em aumentar a força muscular.Dados abertos - Sucupira - Teses e dissertações (2013 a 2016

Cardiovascular and Renal Effects of Birdseed Associated with Aerobic Exercise in Rats

IntroductionPhalaris canariensis L. (Pc), known as birdseed, is rich in tryptophan. The aqueous extract of Pc (AEPc) treatment reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) via mechanisms mediated by the tryptophan metabolizing enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Hypertension is a risk factor to cardiovascular and renal diseases. Considering that physical exercise improves hypertension and cardiovascular function, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the benefits of exercise (Ex) would be enhanced by concomitant AEPc treatment (400 mgkg(-1)d(-1) p.o.). Methods Vascular reactivity was assessed in aorta rings from SHR treated with AEPc for 4 wk. Training intensity was based on maximal lactate steady state obtained during the 2-wk adaptation period in a treadmill running. Then exercised (60 min running, five times per week during 8 wk) or sedentary SHR were untreated or treated with AEPc during 8 wk. SBP was estimated by plethysmograph. Heart mass and body mass were used to obtain the index of cardiac hypertrophy. Glucose tolerance test was evaluated by oral glucose overload, and the mRNA expressions of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, interleukin 1 (IL-1), and IL-10 in the kidney were obtained by real time polymerase chain reaction. Results AEPc induced endothelial-mediated vascular relaxation. AEPc or Ex alone reduced SBP, the index of cardiac hypertrophy and ventricular fibrosis, improved glucose metabolism, and attenuated proteinuria and the renal expression of the proinflammatory IL-1 with an overexpression in the anti-inflammatory IL-10. AEPc potentiated the benefits of the Ex on the cardiovascular system, metabolic parameters, and renal inflammation. Conclusion Birdseed reduced cardiovascular risk related to hypertension and had positive effects when associated to physical exercise.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação Oswaldo Ramos (FOR)Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Med, Div Renal, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Catolica Brasilia, Grad Program Phys Educ & Hlth, Brasilia, DF, BrazilRenal Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, BRAZILWeb of Scienc

Capoeira: luta, jogo ou dança? O impacto da grade curricular do curso de Educação Física na percepção de universitários

ABSTRACT Capoeira: fight, game or dance? The impact of the curricular matrix of the course of physical education in the university perceptionThe aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different under graduation curriculum adopted by universities on capoeira’s concept among Physical Education students, as well as its acceptance as a curricular component. 60 male and female students were subjects of the study, a questionnaire were applied for data collection. The higher frequencies answers for capoeira concept were fight (33.3%), game (23.5%) and dance (16.6%). Approximately 75% said that would like to have capoeira as discipline of physical education course. It was verified that the undergraduate curriculum directly influence university students on the capoeira’s concept. The capoeira discipline is still not inserted in most of the studied universities, however there are higher acceptance by students to include this modality in Physical Education course.Os objetivos deste estudo foram investigar a influência de diferentes matrizs curriculares em instituições de ensino superior sobre o conceito da capoeira e a sua aceitação como uma proposta de disciplina no curso de Educação Física. Participaram dessa pesquisa 60 alunos do sexo masculino e feminino. Foi utilizado um questionário para coleta dos dados. As respostas de maior frequência sobre o conceito de capoeira foram luta (33,3%), jogo (23,5%) e dança (16,6%). Aproximadamente 75% afirmaram que gostariam que a capoeira fosse inserida no curso de Educação Física como disciplina. Verificou-se que diferentes matrizs curriculares exercem influencia direta no conceito sobre capoeira pelos estudantes. A disciplina capoeira ainda não está inserida na maioria das instituições analisadas nesta pesquisa. Porém há uma grande aceitação por parte dos estudantes em inclui-la no curso de Educação Física.

Associação entre a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca e o estresse oxidativo: o papel do exercício

ABSTRACT Association between heart rate variability and oxidative stress: the role of physical exerciseThe genesis of cardiovascular disease has been associated with the autonomic dysfunction and redox imbalance. The heart rate variability has been efficient in identifying changes in neurocardiac function that may be caused by oxidative stress. Few isolated interventions are able to modify neurocardiac function and redox balance at same time, one example is physical exercise. Thereby, the aim of the study is to assess the association between redox balance with heart rate variability, and assess the role of physical exercise on redox balance and neurocardiac function. It is possible that HRV and oxidative stress are inversely proportional. Thus, HRV can be a non-invasive prognostic tool of oxidative stress.A gênese de diversas doenças cardiovasculares tem sido associada ao menor controle cardiovascular e ao desequilíbrio redox. A Variabilidade da Frequência Cardíaca (VFC) tem se mostrado eficiente em identificar alterações na função neurocardíaca causadas possivelmente pelo estresse oxidativo (EO). Poucas intervenções isoladas são capazes de promover modificações na função neurocardíaca e no balanço redox ao mesmo tempo, um exemplo é o exercício físico. Desse modo, o presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar no atual estado da arte, as relações existentes entre a função neurocardíaca e o balanço redox, além de verificar na literatura contemporânea, indicativos sobre o papel do exercício físico no balanço redox e função autonômica. É razoável inferir que existe uma razão de proporção inversa entre a VFC e o EO. Desse modo, a VFC pode ser um método não invasivo de prognóstico do EO.

Análise qualitativa dos fatores que levam à prática da corrida de rua

A corrida de rua tem apresentado grande crescimento nas últimas décadas, sua prática regular melhora a saúde, diminui o risco de mortalidade e aumenta o condicionamento físico. Entretanto é importante apontar os fatores que levam os indivíduos a iniciarem à prática da corrida de rua. Desta maneira, os objetivos deste estudo foram identificar os fatores que levam as pessoas à prática da corrida de rua e se há diferença entre homens e mulheres. Foram sujeitos da pesquisa 30 alunos praticantes de corrida de rua com faixa etária entre 25 a 55 anos, categorizados em dois grupos (15 do gênero masculino e 15 do gênero feminino). Para a coleta dos dados foi utilizado um questionário de múltipla escolha contendo oito questões. Com relação aos fatores que levam as pessoas à prática da corrida de rua verificou-se que as respostas com maior frequência foram condicionamento físico e qualidade de vida (45,7% e 34,2%, respectivamente), não sendo observada diferença estatística entre grupos. Conclui-se que o principal fator que levam homens e mulheres à prática de corrida é o condicionamento físico e a qualidade de vida. ABSTRACT Qualitative analysis of the factors that take the practice of street raceRoad running has been increasing in the last decades, its regular practice improve health, reduce mortality risk, and increase physical conditioning. However, it is important to detect the factors that lead people to practice road running. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the factors that lead people to practice road running and differences between men and women. 30 road runners, 25 – 55 yrs, were subjects of our study, categorized in two groups (15 men and 15 women). For data collection, a multiple choice questionnaire with eight questions was applied. In relation to the factors that lead people to practice road running, it was verified that the answers with greater frequency were physical conditioning and quality of life (45.7% and 34.3%, respectively), without statistical difference between groups. We conclude that the main factor that lead men and women to practice running were physical conditioning and quality of life

Sprint and endurance training in relation to redox and inflammatory status and biomarkers of aging in master athletes

Purpose Studies have shown a positive influence of intense athletic training on several biomarkers of aging, but it remains unclear whether this influence is dependent of exercise-training-mode. This study compared redox balance, cytokine levels and biomarkers of aging between master sprinters and endurance athletes, as well as in young and middle-aged individuals as controls. Methods Participants were male master sprinters (SA, 50±8.9yrs; n=13) and endurance runners (EA, 53±8.2yrs; n=18) with remarkable athletic experience (∼25yrs of practice), besides untrained young (YC, 22.7±3.9yrs; n=17) and age-matched controls (MC, 45.5±9.8yrs; n=12). Anamnesis, anthropometrics, biomarkers of aging, inflammation status and oxidative stress parameters were analyzed in all participants. Results An increased pro-oxidant activity (elevated protein carbonyl; isoprostanes and 8-OHdG) was observed for MC in comparison to remaining groups (p<0.05). However, SA presented a better antioxidant capacity than both MC and EA, while nitrite/nitrate (NOx) availability was higher for EA and lower for the MC (p<0.05). Both groups of athletes presented a better anti-inflammatory status than MC (increased IL-10 and lowered IL-6, sIL-6R, sTNF-RI), but worse than YC (increased TNF-α, sTNF-RI, and sIL-6R) (p<0.05). Telomere length was shorter in MC, which also had lower levels of irisin and klotho, and elevated FGF-23 (p<0.05). ADMA levels were higher in MC and SA, while irisin was lower in EA when compared to SA and YC (p<0.05). Conclusion Master athletes presented better redox balance and inflammatory status, with decreased biomarkers of aging compared to control. Regarding exercise mode, a better NO- profile, as a marker of endothelial function, was observed for EA, whereas SA had a better redox balance, cytokines profile and attenuated biomarkers of aging.peerReviewe

Effects of dynamic and isometric resistance training protocols on metabolic profile in hemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial

To compare the effect of dynamic (DRT) and isometric (IRT) resistance training on glycemic homeostasis, lipid profile, and nitric oxide (NO) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Patients were randomly distributed into three groups: control (CTL; n=65), DRT (n=65), and IRT (n=67). Patients were tested for fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, oral glucose tolerance test, insulin resistance, lipid profile, leptin, insulin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein, and NO were assessed pre- and post-intervention period. Patients underwent to strength and body composition assessments. Subjects allocated in both DRT and IRT groups took part in a 24-week resistance training program, three times per week. Each training session was approximately one hour before dialysis and consisted of 3 sets of 8-12 repetitions at low intensity. Total workload was higher in the DRT as compared with the IRT. This heightened workload related to better glycemic homeostasis in HD patients as measured by regulation of insulin, adiponectin, and leptin, while improvement of triglycerides, free-fat mass, and muscle strength. Additionally, NO levels were increased on DRT group. NO was significantly correlated with glucose intolerance (r=-0.42, p=0.0155) and workload (r=0.46, p=0.0022). The IRT group only improved strength (pThe accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author