Bottom-Up Organizing with Tools from On High: Understanding the Data Practices of Labor Organizers

This paper provides insight into the use of data tools in the American labor movement by analyzing the practices of staff employed by unions to organize alongside union members. We interviewed 23 field-level staff organizers about how they use data tools to evaluate membership. We find that organizers work around and outside of these tools to develop access to data for union members and calibrate data representations to meet local needs. Organizers mediate between local and central versions of the data, and draw on their contextual knowledge to challenge campaign strategy. We argue that networked data tools can compound field organizers' lack of discretion, making it more difficult for unions to assess and act on the will of union membership. We show how the use of networked data tools can lead to less accurate data, and discuss how bottom-up approaches to data gathering can support more accurate membership assessments

Making Data Work: The Human and Organizational Lifeworlds of Data Science Practices

223 pagesIt takes a lot of human work to do data science, and this thesis explains what that work is, how it is done, why it is needed, and what its implications are. Data science is the computational practice of analyzing data using methods from fields such as machine learning and artificial intelligence. Data science in practice is a difficult undertaking, requiring a deep understanding of algorithmic techniques, computational tools, and statistical methods. Such technical knowledge is often seen as the core, if not the sole, ingredient for doing data science. Unsurprisingly, technical work persists at the center of current data science discourse, practice, and imagination. But doing data science is not the simple task of creating models by applying algorithms to data. Data science is a craft—it has procedures, methods, and tools, but also requires creativity, discretion, and improvisation. Data scientists are often aware of this fact but not all forms of their everyday work are equally visible in scholarly and public discussions and representations of data science. Official narratives tell stories about data attributes, algorithmic workings, model findings, and quantitative metrics. The disproportionate emphasis on technical work sidelines other work, particularly ongoing and messy forms of human and organizational work involving collaboration, negotiation, and experimentation. In this thesis, I focus on the less understood and often unaccounted forms of human and organizational work involved in the everyday practice of data science through ethnographic and qualitative research. Moving away from an individualistic and homogeneous understanding of data science work, I highlight the collaborative and heterogeneous nature of real-world data science work, showing how human and organizational work shape not only the design and working of data science systems but also their wider social implications. This thesis reveals the everyday origins of the social, ethical, and normative issues of data science, and the many ways in which practitioners struggle to define and deal with them in practice, reminding us that not all data science problems are technical in nature—some are deeply human, while others innately organizational

Mapping EINS: An exercise in mapping the Network of Excellence in Internet Science

This paper demonstrates the application of bibliometric mapping techniques in the area of funded research networks. We discuss how science maps can be used to facilitate communication inside newly formed communities, but also to account for their activities to funding agencies. We present the mapping of EINS as case -- an FP7 funded Network of Excellence. Finally, we discuss how these techniques can be used to serve as knowledge maps for interdisciplinary working experts

Mapping EINS: An exercise in mapping the Network of Excellence in Internet Science

This paper demonstrates the application of bibliometric mapping techniques in the area of funded research networks. We discuss how science maps can be used to facilitate communication inside newly formed communities, but also to account for their activities to funding agencies. We present the mapping of EINS as case -- an FP7 funded Network of Excellence. Finally, we discuss how these techniques can be used to serve as knowledge maps for interdisciplinary working experts

Desain pembelajaran fiqih melalui pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) dalam meningkatkan kemampuian berpikir kritis siswa di MTS Sunan Kalijaga larangan Pamekasan

Pendidikan merupakan usaha sadar dan terencana untuk mengembangkan potensi peserta didik agar sesuai dengan fitrah yang dimilikinya, hal ini selaras dengan Undang-Undang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional No 20 tahun 2003 tentang fungsi pendidikan nasional yaitu mengembangkan kemampuan dan membentuk watak serta peradaban bangsa yang bermartabat dalam rangka mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa. Tujuan pendidikan nasional yaitu untuk mengembangkan potensi peserta didik agar menjadi manusia yang beriman dan bertaqwa pada Tuhan yang Maha Esa, berakhlak mulia, sehat, berilmu, cakap, kreatif, mandiri dan menjadi warga negara yang demokratis serta bertanggungjawab. Agar peserta didik mampu untuk memecahkan problematika kehidupan yang dihadapinya, maka Pendidikan tersebut harus menyentuh potensi peserta didik baik potensi psikologis maupun potensi keterampilannya. Konsep pendidikan yang seperti ini menjadi penting bagi peserta didik yang akan memasuki kehidupan di masyarakat dan dunia kerja. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini terdiri dari: 1). Bagaimana konsep Contekstual Teaching And Learning (CTL) dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar di Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) Sunan Kalijaga Larangan Pamekasan? dan 2). Bagaimana desain pembelajaran Fiqih melalui pendekatan Contekstual Teaching And Learning (CTL) dalam Meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa di Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) Sunan Kalijaga Larangan Pamekasan?. Riset ini mengamil tempat di Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) Sunan Kalijaga Pamekasan, Desa Larangan Luar Kecamatan Larangan kabupaten Pamekasan Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dan instrumen yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data yang didapat oleh peneliti melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Informan atau subjek dari penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, guru mata pelajaran fiqih dan siswa MTs Sunan Kalijaga Larangan Pamekasan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: pertama, konsep Contekstual Teaching And Learning (CTL) dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar di Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) Sunan Kalijaga Larangan Pamekasan dengan melibatkan tujuh komponen, yaitu: Konstruktivistik, inkuiri, bertanya, masyarakat belajar, pemodelan, refleksi dan penilaian sebenarnya melalui kurikulum 2013 untuk mata pelajaran agama kelas VII dan VIII serta KTSP untuk kelas IX. Kedua, desain pembelajaran Fiqih melalui pendekatan Contekstual Teaching And Learning (CTL) dalam Meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa di Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) Sunan Kalijaga Larangan Pamekasan yaitu dengan mengacu kepada silabus dan Rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran (RPP)