Differential effect of maternal diet supplementation with α-Linolenic adcid or n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on glial cell phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine fatty acid profile in neonate rat brains

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) are of crucial importance for the development of neural tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a dietary supplementation in n-3 fatty acids in female rats during gestation and lactation on fatty acid pattern in brain glial cells phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS) in the neonates.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Sprague-Dawley rats were fed during the whole gestation and lactation period with a diet containing either docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 0.55%) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 0.75% of total fatty acids) or α-linolenic acid (ALA, 2.90%). At two weeks of age, gastric content and brain glial cell PE and PS of rat neonates were analyzed for their fatty acid and dimethylacetal (DMA) profile. Data were analyzed by bivariate and multivariate statistics.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In the neonates from the group fed with n-3 LC-PUFA, the DHA level in gastric content (+65%, P < 0.0001) and brain glial cell PE (+18%, P = 0.0001) and PS (+15%, P = 0.0009) were significantly increased compared to the ALA group. The filtered correlation analysis (P < 0.05) underlined that levels of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), DHA and n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) were negatively correlated with arachidonic acid (ARA) and n-6 DPA in PE of brain glial cells. No significant correlation between n-3 and n-6 LC-PUFA were found in the PS dataset. DMA level in PE was negatively correlated with n-6 DPA. DMA were found to occur in brain glial cell PS fraction; in this class DMA level was correlated negatively with DHA and positively with ARA.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The present study confirms that early supplementation of maternal diet with n-3 fatty acids supplied as LC-PUFA is more efficient in increasing n-3 in brain glial cell PE and PS in the neonate than ALA. Negative correlation between n-6 DPA, a conventional marker of DHA deficiency, and DMA in PE suggests n-6 DPA that potentially be considered as a marker of tissue ethanolamine plasmalogen status. The combination of multivariate and bivariate statistics allowed to underline that the accretion pattern of n-3 LC-PUFA in PE and PS differ.</p

Etude de faisabilité pour un projet d'intégration entre producteurs er autres opérateurs dans la filière café. Phase 1 : Volet agrotechnique et socio-économique. Tome 1. Rapport de synthèse, résumé et conclusions. Tome 2. Rapport principal. Tome 3. Annexes du rapport principal

La baisse continue des prix du café et du cacao sur le marché international a remis en cause l'organisation des filières et conduit à un ajustement des prix intérieures dont les conséquences sont considérables, tout particulièrement pour les producteurs agricoles. L'étude propose la création d'un dispositif d'appui articulé autour des fonctions destinées à l'amélioration de la production et de la gestion des exploitations d'une part et d'autre part, des fonctions à caractère commercial telles que: collecte, achat et évacuation du produit, paiement rapide et respectant les prix contractuels, crédits de campagne, approvisionnement en intrants. Elles sont prises en charge et autofinancées par le secteur privé, à l'image des dispositifs de commercialisation intégrés initiés récemment (SOGEPAG, PARTAGRI). Cependant ces fonctions à caractère commercial ne peuvent seules assurer la pérennisation d'une production caféière importante en quantité et améliorée en qualité. C'est pourquoi des fonctions à caractère struturant seront assurées par une association professionnelle, à créer : l'Association pour la Promotion de la Caféiculture Ivoirienne (APCI

Dietary cyclic fatty acids derived from linolenic acid do not exhibit intrinsic toxicity in the rat during gestation

International audienceHeating oils and fats may lead to cyclization of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially those showing multiple double bonds like linolenic acid. Cyclohexenyl and cyclopentenyl fatty acids are subsequently present in some edible oils and these were suspected to induce metabolic disorders. When fed during gestation in the rat, cyclic fatty acids were historically reported to induce high mortality of the neonates. Nevertheless, none of these studies have been performed with cyclic fatty acids fed as triacylglycerols, limiting the nutritional value of the conclusions. Therefore, we assessed the toxicity of a diet containing 0.7% of cyclic fatty acids fed as triacylglycerols during gestation and the first days of life in the rat. In this work, we report no deleterious effect of cyclic fatty acids in the mothers and neonates. However, cyclic fatty acids induced a tremendous insulinopenia in the mothers and pups that was associated with the reduction of food intake in the gestating females. Such a finding may be a plausible explanation for the adverse effects of cyclic fatty acids observed previously with higher doses of cyclic fatty acids. Based on present data, on previous ones showing elimination of cyclic fatty acids, and considering their low amounts in the diet, we suggest that cyclic fatty acids formed from cyclization of linolenic acid are not a major concern for human safety

Compte-rendu de la mission "intégration planteurs/agroindustrie" (projet UNICAFE) qui s'est déroulée en Côte d'Ivoire du 04 novembre au 07 décembre 1991

L'équipe du CIRAD établit un bilan de la situation des planteurs de café en Côte d'Ivoire, dans un contexte de chute des prix d'achat du café, de retard dans l'ouverture effective des campagnes d'achat, d'introduction du paiement à la qualité et de libéralisation. Cette équipe évalue aussi les propositions d'UNICAFE, notamment celles du "Projet Pilote Unicafé" qui est mis en place pour la campagne 1991/92. La mission a pu réaliser 120 à 130 enquêtes auprès de planteurs des départements d'Aboisso, de Gagnoa et de Ma

Peripheral olfactory sensitivity in rodents after treatment with docetaxel.

International audienceOBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Clinical studies have documented that cytotoxic chemotherapy is often associated with body weight loss and decreased enjoyment of food. Besides taste, olfaction plays a role in food intake. We assessed whether systemic chemotherapeutic cancer treatment compromises olfactory function in rats and mice treated with docetaxel (Taxotere; Sanofi-Aventis, Paris, France). STUDY DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trials on mice and rats. METHODS: Male mice received a single and male rats either a single, two, or three docetaxel administrations. Olfactory function was tested by means of electroolfactograms (EOGs) from the chemosensory epithelium of the nasal septum and the endoturbinates. We evaluated and compared the magnitude of EOG responses evoked by different odorants recorded at different time points after treatment. RESULTS: In both animal species, docetaxel administration reduced body weight gain, thus evidencing the general toxic effect of the drug. In both animal species, the olfactory mucosa remained responsive to stimulation of odorants during the whole course of experiment, but treatment revealed regional differences of docetaxel susceptibility and induced marked transitory electrophysiological changes. In mice and rats a significant transitory decrease in EOG response magnitude occurred after a single administration. Unexpectedly, in rats we also observed an increase of the olfactory response following the second administration of the drug. CONCLUSIONS: Docetaxel exerts a neurotoxic effect on olfactory epithelia of rodents at doses similar to human doses, thus inducing transitory functional alterations. Although moderate, they are consistent with the hypothesis of a dysfunction of olfactory function. Further experiments are needed to elucidate the origin of the electrophysiological effects and their impact on the olfactory perception

Tran generational effects of xeno-hormones mixtures on development and behaviour in rats

International audienc

Dietary omega 3 fatty acids and metabolic syndrome in the rat retina: consequences on retinal functionality and complications

Dietary omega 3 fatty acids and metabolic syndrome in the rat retina: consequences on retinal functionality and complications. International society for the study of fatty acids and lipid

Modification of the dopaminergic neurotransmitters in striatum, frontal cortex and hippocampus of rats fed for 21 months with trans isomers of alpha-linolenic acid

International audienceDeficiency in n−3 fatty acids is known to disturb the release of dopaminergic neurotransmitters in rat brain. Since isomerization reduces the bioavailability of dietary fatty acids, the effect of the conversion of α-linolenic acid into trans α-linolenic acid on the dopaminergic neurotransmission was studied. Rats were fed for 21 months with a control diet, a diet unbalanced in cis α-linolenic acid and containing trans α-linolenic acid or the same diet in which the imbalance was corrected by increasing the levels of cis α-linolenic acid. After 6 and 21 months of diet, the fatty acid composition and the amounts of endogenous dopaminergic neurotransmitters was assessed in the striatum, the frontal cortex and the hippocampus. The isomerization of a part of dietary α-linolenic acid induced some modifications of the levels of endogenous dopaminergic neurotransmitters in all brain areas but was related to a very low incorporation of trans polyunsaturated fatty acids. Increasing the dietary levels of cis α-linolenic acid succeeded in correcting the endogenous neurotransmitter concentrations only in the frontal cortex but not in the striatum and the hippocampus. Thus, the levels of dopamine were lowered by 95% in the hippocampus. These results suggest that in addition to the imbalance generated by their presence, trans fatty acids may directly act on the concentration of dopaminergic neurotransmitters

Peripheral olfactory function in rats after chemotherapeutic treatment with the anticancer drug docetaxel

International audienceClinical studies have documented that chemotherapeutic cancer treatment in humans is often associated with weight loss and decreased enjoyment of food. Beside taste, olfaction plays a role in the food intake regulation. We assessed whether hemotherapeutic cancer treatment compromises olfactory function in rats treated with docetaxel (Taxotere, TAX), an antineoplastic drug which disrupts the structures necessary for cell survival and division. Electroolfactogram responses (EOG) can indicate morpho-pathological changes in olfactory epithelium. Male rats received either a single, two or three intravenous injections (one per week) of an estimated 10% lethal dose (LD10) of TAX. After a recovery period of 7-9 days the peripheral olfactory function was measured with EOGs from the epithelium overlaying the septum and the turbinates. We tested three different odorants, isoamyl acetate, benzaldehyde and cineole at three different matched recording sites delivered in vapor phase.To assess changes in sensitivity we recorded concentration response curves during days 3-6 after a single drug administration using submergedEOG recording technique allowing a precise control of stimulus concentration. Single, double or triple doses of TAX caused significant attenuation of weight gain over the duration of the experiment. Whatever the duration of the treatment all recording sites were responsive to the three odorants and all stimuli evoked typical EOGs with rapid rising phase and a slower decline. Odorant stimulation as well forskolin and IBXM in the range of 10-6 to 5x10-4 M elicited typical EOG responses in a concentration–dependent manner. Response thresholds and curve shapes were not to be affected by the single treatment. Vapor-phase supraliminal stimulations revealed effects related to the strength of the treatment. Surprisingly,the maximal amplitude of the EOGs for a given odorant and location was greater in rats after two taxotere injections than in untreated animals. The study failed to demonstrate a detrimental effect of taxotere on the peripheral olfactory function in rat. St. Veloso da Silva is supported by a grant from the Ministere de Recherche et Technologie, France

Plasmalogens in the regulation of retinal vascular development: design of a mouse model with chemical inhibition of IPLA2

Plasmalogens in the regulation of retinal vascular development: design of a mouse model with chemical inhibition of IPLA2. annual meeting of the association-for-research-in-vision-and-ophthalmology (ARVO