4 research outputs found

    La tentative de suicide par le feu (prise en charge initiale au centre des brûlés de Lille et discussion éthique)

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    Introduction. Les progrĂšs rĂ©alisĂ©s rĂ©cemment dans le traitement des brĂ»lures Ă©tendues ont considĂ©rablement amĂ©liorĂ© la survie de ces patients, au dĂ©triment de sĂ©quelles fonctionnelles et esthĂ©tiques parfois lourdes. La tentative de suicide par le feu engendre des brĂ»lures massives autrefois incurables. Les dĂ©cisions concernant la prise en charge initiale de cette population peuvent ĂȘtre difficiles Ă  prendre dans un contexte oĂč le patient a cherchĂ© Ă  mourir, et ĂȘtre inconsciemment influencĂ©es par le mode de brĂ»lure. Dans la littĂ©rature, peu d Ă©quipes ont partagĂ© leur expĂ©rience sur cette problĂ©matique. Cette Ă©tude Ă©value la prise en charge de ces patients et soulĂšve les questions Ă©thiques qui en dĂ©coulent. MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes. Nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective de 2009 Ă  2012 des patients ayant fait une tentative de suicide par le feu (CAS) pris en charge dans le centre des brĂ»lĂ©s de Lille. Les caractĂ©ristiques Ă©pidĂ©miologiques et les modalitĂ©s de prise en charge mĂ©dicale et chirurgicale ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©es sur dossiers. Nous avons ensuite comparĂ© la durĂ©e de survie, le dĂ©lai de chirurgie et le dĂ©lai de cicatrisation entre les CAS et des patients brĂ»lĂ©s de façon accidentelle (TÉMOINS). Cette comparaison a Ă©tĂ© possible aprĂšs appariement sur l Ăąge et le pourcentage de surface brĂ»lĂ©e totale. Les dĂ©cisions de limitation ou d arrĂȘt des thĂ©rapeutiques actives ont Ă©tĂ© relevĂ©es pour ces deux populations. RĂ©sultats. Notre population a inclus 30 patients. 79 % prĂ©sentaient des antĂ©cĂ©dents psychiatriques notables et 59% des facteurs de risque de tentative de suicide. Les brĂ»lures, qui atteignaient en moyenne 41 % de surface totale, ont Ă©tĂ© responsables de 37 % de mortalitĂ©. Elles ont relevĂ©es d une prise en charge mĂ©dicale et chirurgicale lourde avec une durĂ©e de cicatrisation moyenne de 50 jours. Nous n avons pas mis en Ă©vidence de diffĂ©rence significative entre les CAS et les TÉMOINS pour la durĂ©e de survie, le dĂ©lai de chirurgie et le dĂ©lai de cicatrisation. Mais les dĂ©cisions d arrĂȘt ou de limitation des traitements impliquant de la chirurgie et des techniques coĂ»teuses innovantes ont semblĂ© plus frĂ©quentes lors d une tentative de suicide par le feu. Conclusion. Une rĂ©flexion Ă©thique s impose pour aider Ă  la prise de dĂ©cision et Ă  la prise en charge des tentatives de suicide par le feu. Elle permet de placer au centre des objectifs des soignants l intĂ©rĂȘt du patient, son autonomie de choix et les impĂ©ratifs de justice imposĂ©s par la sociĂ©tĂ©. Lors d une tentative de suicide, ces diffĂ©rentes grilles de lecture Ă©thique s opposent parfois et rendent complexes la prise en dĂ©cision. Des outils spĂ©cifiques sont proposĂ©s afin de faciliter la rĂ©flexion Ă©thique des Ă©quipes de soins au centre des brĂ»lĂ©s de Lille.LILLE2-BU SantĂ©-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Real-time polymerase chain reaction detection of Lichtheimia species in bandages associated with cutaneous mucormycosis in burn patients

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    International audienceBACKGROUND: Cutaneous mucormycoses, mainly due to Lichtheimia (Absidia), have occurred on several occasions in the Burn Unit of the University Hospital of Lille, France.AIM:To investigate the potential vector role of non-sterile bandages used to hold in place sterile gauze used for wound dressing.METHODS:Mycological analysis by conventional culture, Mucorales real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and Lichtheimia species-specific qPCR were performed on eight crepe and six elasticized bandages that were sampled on two independent occasions in March 2014 and July 2016. Characteristics of the seven Lichtheimia mucormycoses which occurred in burn patients between November 2013 and July 2016 were also collected to assess the epidemiological relationship between potentially contaminated bandages and clinical infections.FINDINGS:One Lichtheimia corymbifera strain was isolated from a crepe bandage by culture, and Lichtheimia spp. qPCR was positive in six out of eight crepe and four out of six elasticized bandages. Using species-specific qPCR, Lichtheimia ramosa, Lichtheimia ornata, and L. corymbifera were identified in six out of ten, five out of ten, and four out of ten bandages, respectively. In patients with mucormycosis, L. ramosa and L. ornata were present in five and two cases, respectively.CONCLUSION:Our data support the utility of Mucorales qPCR for epidemiological investigations, the potential role of these bandages in cutaneous mucormycoses in burn patients in our centre, and, consequently, the need for sterile bandages for the dressing of extensive wounds

    Non-hotspot PIK3CA mutations are more frequent in CLOVES than in common or combined lymphatic malformations.

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    Theragnostic management, treatment according to precise pathological molecular targets, requests to unravel patients' genotypes. We used targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) or digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) to screen for somatic PIK3CA mutations on DNA extracted from resected lesional tissue or lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) isolated from lesions. Our cohort (n = 143) was composed of unrelated patients suffering from a common lymphatic malformation (LM), a combined lymphatic malformation [lymphatico-venous malformation (LVM), capillaro-lymphatic malformation (CLM), capillaro-lymphatico-venous malformation (CLVM)], or a syndrome [CLVM with hypertrophy (Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome, KTS), congenital lipomatous overgrowth-vascular malformations-epidermal nevi -syndrome (CLOVES), unclassified PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndrome (PROS) or unclassified vascular (lymphatic) anomaly syndrome (UVA)]. We identified a somatic PIK3CA mutation in resected lesions of 108 out of 143 patients (75.5%). The frequency of the variant allele ranged from 0.54 to 25.33% in tissues, and up to 47% in isolated endothelial cells. We detected a statistically significant difference in the distribution of mutations between patients with common and combined LM compared to the syndromes, but not with KTS. Moreover, the variant allele frequency was higher in the syndromes. Most patients with an common or combined lymphatic malformation with or without overgrowth harbour a somatic PIK3CA mutation. However, in about a quarter of patients, no such mutation was detected, suggesting the existence of (an)other cause(s). We detected a hotspot mutation more frequently in common and combined LMs compared to syndromic cases (CLOVES and PROS). Diagnostic genotyping should thus not be limited to PIK3CA hotspot mutations. Moreover, the higher mutant allele frequency in syndromes suggests a wider distribution in patients' tissues, facilitating detection. Clinical trials have demonstrated efficacy of Sirolimus and Alpelisib in treating patients with an LM or PROS. Genotyping might lead to an increase in efficacy, as treatments could be more targeted, and responses could vary depending on presence and type of PIK3CA-mutation
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