Calidad de vida, distrés y autoestigma en pacientes con trastorno bipolar en eutimia

Tesis por compendio de publicaciones[ES]Introducción y objetivos: La literatura científica ha puesto de manifiesto que los pacientes con trastorno bipolar muestran puntuaciones más bajas en calidad de vida, incluso en eutimia, que los controles sanos. Sin embargo, los resultados encontrados en los diferentes estudios y los instrumentos utilizados son heterogéneos. A su vez, constructos como el distrés o malestar percibido han recibido poca atención en la literatura relativa al trastorno bipolar, a pesar de su relevancia por su asociación con variables como la calidad de vida o el funcionamiento. Es más, a pesar de que variables altamente asociadas con el distrés como el estigma han demostrado su asociación con aspectos como el aislamiento social en el trastorno bipolar, no se han realizado estudios previos que analicen el poder predictivo de estas variables. Por los motivos expuestos, los objetivos del presente trabajo son: 1) Realizar una revisión sistemática y un metaanálisis que evalúen las variables asociadas a la calidad de vida en los pacientes eutímicos con trastorno bipolar descritas previamente en la literatura; 2) Diseñar una escala de evaluación que permita identificar el grado de distrés o malestar percibido por los pacientes con trastorno bipolar en eutimia; 3) Identificar predictores del aislamiento social en pacientes con trastorno bipolar en eutimia.Métodos: La metodología utilizada para la revisión sistemática y el metaanálisis siguiendo se realizó siguiendo los criterios PRISMA. La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en agosto de 2018. Después de la selección de estudios transversales de caso-control apareados, se realizó la extracción de datos, la evaluación de la calidad y los análisis estadísticos procedentes. Por otro lado, para la validación de la escala, participaron un total de 101 pacientes eutímicos con trastorno bipolar en el estudio final, presentándose el resto de los estudios con resultados de submuestras de la misma por haber sido publicados como resultados preliminares. Se realizaron análisis de fiabilidad y validez para garantizar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala, así como análisis de regresión para identificar potenciales predictores del aislamiento social. Resultados: En el primer estudio, los resultados mostraron que existen diferencias significativas en los resultados en calidad de vida entre los pacientes eutímicos con trastorno bipolar y los controles sanos (d=-0,922; ET=0,316; 95% IC=-1,541 a -0.303; p=0,004), presentando menor calidad de vida los pacientes con trastorno bipolar. La duración de la eutimia explicó el 15.62% de la varianza. Se utilizaron cuatro instrumentos de evaluación de calidad de vida en los diferentes estudios, siendo la tendencia general utilizar instrumentos de evaluación general de calidad de vida en lugar de específicos para pacientes con trastorno bipolar. Por su parte, el análisis de las propiedades psicométricas en la validación de la escala DISBIP-S mostró una elevada consistencia interna (α de Cronbach = 0,90) así como validez de contenido y de constructo, entre otras. En el tercer estudio, los análisis mostraron que las variables asunción del estereotipo, la experiencia de discriminación y la percepción de control sobre la enfermedad, tomadas en conjunto, explican el 80,4% de la varianza del aislamiento social.Conclusiones: La calidad de vida es menor en pacientes con trastorno bipolar eutímicos que en controles sanos, aunque periodos más largos en eutimia están asociados con mejores resultados. La escala DISBIP-S mostró su adecuación para evaluar el distrés o malestar percibido en pacientes con trastorno bipolar, siendo recomendable su aplicación para detectarlo de forma precoz y poder intervenir sobre el mismo. Asimismo, una evaluación temprana del autoestigma y de la percepción de control sobre la enfermedad podría ayudar a los pacientes con trastorno bipolar a mejorar su situación social, reduciendo el aislamiento social

Remote Teaching of Chemistry Laboratory Courses during COVID-19

This paper describes the transfer from face-to-face education toemergency remote teaching of chemistry laboratory courses in a bachelor's degree inPharmacy during the COVID-19 pandemic. The virtualization was carried out usingvideos of each experimental practice and questionnaires containing the experimentaldata needed. The contents were integrated into the virtual platform BlackboardCollaborate, where tutorials and remote support from the teachers were provided tosolve the issues raised. The didactic strategy was very positive: it turned the studentsinto active learners, fostering knowledge sharing and promoting the self-management of their learning process. The teachers acted as guides, raisingquestions, and provided continuous feedback to the students that contributed toknowledge assimilation and competence acquisition. The teaching-learning processwas evaluated through a rubric that graded the reports delivered by the students andafinal online test. The impact of this teaching methodology was assessed bycomparing the students'marks with those obtained in the conventional on-site education before the pandemic and feedback fromthe students via surveys. This study provides a unique experience on how a traditional instruction can be adapted to remote teachingin analytical chemistry laboratories, providing new tools that can be used in future pandemics or in other setting

Grafting of polypyrrole-3-carboxylic acid to the surface of hexamethylene diisocyanate-functionalized graphene oxide

A polypyrrole-carboxylic acid derivative (PPy-COOH) was covalently anchored on the surface of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI)-modified graphene oxide (GO) following two different esterification approaches: activation of the carboxylic acids of the polymer by carbodiimide, and conversion of the carboxylic groups to acyl chloride. Microscopic observations revealed a decrease in HDI-GO layer thickness for the sample prepared via the first strategy, and the heterogeneous nature of the grafted samples. Infrared and Raman spectroscopies corroborated the grafting success, demonstrating the emergence of a peak associated with the ester group. The yield of the grafting reactions (31% and 42%) was roughly calculated from thermogravimetric analysis, and it was higher for the sample synthesized via formation of the acyl chloride-functionalized PPy. The grafted samples showed higher thermal stability (similar to 30 and 40 degrees C in the second decomposition stage) and sheet resistance than PPy-COOH. They also exhibited superior stiffness and strength both at 25 and 100 degrees C, and the reinforcing efficiency was approximately maintained at high temperatures. Improved mechanical performance was attained for the sample with higher grafting yield. The developed method is a valuable approach to covalently attach conductive polymers onto graphenic nanomaterials for application in flexible electronics, fuel cells, solar cells, and supercapacitors.Ministerio de Economia y Competitivida

Understanding social withdrawal in euthymic bipolar patients: The role of stigma

[EN]Social withdrawal acts as a risk factor in mental health, disturbing clinical management and quality of life in euthymic bipolar patients. However, no previous study has analyzed what variables might predict it. We conducted a cross-sectional study in which 49 euthymic bipolar patients were assessed. The analysis showed that taken together, stereotype endorsement, discrimination experience and control over illness as measured by the ISMI, together explained 80.4% of the variability in social withdrawal. In conclusion, an early assessment of self-stigma and perception of control over illness would help euthymic patients to improve their social situation, reducing social withdrawal

Quality of life in euthymic bipolar patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

[EN]Background: Patients with bipolar disorder, even euthymic, could suffer an impairment in their quality of life compared to healthy controls. Since no previous systematic review and meta-analysis has been conducted, the aim of the current study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies with matched cases and controls on quality of life in adult Euthymic Bipolar Disorder patients. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis that followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) was conducted. Major electronic databases were searched on August 2018 to assess the variables associated with quality of life in euthymic bipolar disorder patients. After selecting the studies, data collection, quality assessment and subsequently statistical analysis were done. Results: Sixteen studies were finally selected for systematic review and meta-analysis. Four different quality of life instruments were used among the different studies. Effect size analysis showed that there were significant differences in quality of life outcomes between euthymic bipolar disorder patients and healthy controls (d=0.997; SE=0.33; 95%CI=-1.64 to -0.36), with lower quality of life in the euthymic patients. Furthermore, time since euthymia explained 15.62% of variability, and age of control group explained 28.39% of variability. No other moderators were statistically significant. Limitations: The instruments used were heterogeneous. Moreover, the role of other clinical moderators could not be included due to the lack of this information in most of the articles. Conclusions: Quality of life is lower in euthymic bipolar patients than in healthy controls. However, longer time in euthymia is associated with better outcomes

Visualisation of Perception of Experiential Activities in Business and Administration and Economy

This paper explores how to incorporate information visualization tools into qualitative studies to represent the underlying structure of knowledge. Information visualization plays a key role in many areas such as decision-making, data mining, market studies, or knowledge management. A case of experiential learning was developed for Quantitative Techniques in Business and Administration and Economy Degrees at the University of Granada, Spain. The goal is to analyze the opinion of students (n = 227) on the development of the activity through information visualization techniques. The gathered information was subjected to a categorization process to unify and homogenize the responses. After a term-clumping process, a co-word analysis using the VosViewer software is used to analyze the relationships among terms and provide the network maps. Results display the main associations and clusters of terms used when assessing the experiential activity, using qualitative techniques. In conclusion, the strengths of data visualization enabling a better understanding of data for qualitative studies are established

Aprendizaje basado en problemas en el diseño de prácticas de laboratorio online

[EN] This communication describes the use of problem-based learning methodology for remote teaching of laboratory practices of Chemistry subjects in the Bachelor's Degree in Pharmacy. The virtualization was carried out using explanatory videos of each laboratory practice and questionnaires with queries and fictitious data equivalent to those the students would obtain in the laboratory to carry out the resolution of the laboratory practices. The contents were integrated into the virtual platform Blackboard Collaborate, where tutorials and remote support from the teacher were combined to solve the problems raised.The evaluation of the impact of this teaching methodology was carried out by comparing the marks with those obtained in the full presential model and questionnaires to the students. The degree of satisfaction was very high, 100% percentage of passing students as compared to the 70% obtained in the full presential model. It can be concluded that the introduction of problem-based learning methodologies increased the interest of the students, favoring the assimilation of knowledge, as is also demonstrated in the general improvement of grades, satisfaction surveys and a higher number of students passing the exams.[ES] En esta comunicación se describe el empleo de la metodología de aprendizaje basado en problemas para la docencia remota de prácticas de laboratorio de asignaturas de Química en el Grado en Farmacia. La virtualización se llevó a cabo empleando vídeos explicativos de cada práctica de laboratorio y cuestionarios con datos ficticios equivalentes a los que los alumnos obtendrían en el laboratorio para llevar a cabo la resolución de los casos prácticos. Los contenidos se integraron en la plataforma virtual Blackboard Collaborate, donde se llevaron a cabo tutorías y apoyo remoto del docente para la resolución de los problemas planteados. La evaluación del impacto de esta metodología en la docencia se llevó a cabo mediante comparación de las calificaciones con las obtenidas en el modelo presencial y cuestionarios a los alumnos. El grado de satisfacción fue muy elevado, con un porcentaje de aprobados del 100 % frente al 70 % obtenido en el modelo presencial. Se puede concluir que la introducción de las metodologías de aprendizaje basadas en problemas aumentó el interés del alumno, favoreciendo la asimilación de conocimientos como se demuestra además en la mejora general de las calificaciones, encuestas de satisfacción y mayor número de aprobados.Jurado Sánchez, B.; Díez Pascual, A. (2021). Aprendizaje basado en problemas en el diseño de prácticas de laboratorio online. En IN-RED 2021: VII Congreso de Innovación Edicativa y Docencia en Red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 339-346. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2021.2021.13720OCS33934

Funcionamiento y calidad de vida en personas con enfermedades crónicas: poder predictivo de distintas variables psicológicas

Objectives: To assess emotional variables (anxiety, depression), cognitive variables (catastrophizing, perceived self-efficacy) and behavioral variables (coping); to know in what way these kind of variables influence health-related quality of life in people with chronic conditions; analyze if there are significant differences depending on gender or chronic disease diagnosis on psychological variables mentioned; to detect if significant differences exist in the different dimensions of health-related quality of life between normal population and people with chronic disease. Method: Descriptive-correlational study made in February and March 2015 in which 35 people participated with different diagnoses of chronic disease. 24 of them (68.6%) were female and 11 (31.4%) were males. Results: The results obtained suggest that emotional variables affect health-related quality of life, as well as perceived self-efficacy and coping strategies. We also find that people who was assessed showed significantly lower levels in health-related quality of life than general population, and that it seem to exist few differences in the variables studied between people with different diagnosis and between men and women. Conclusions: Psychological variables play an important role in the quality of life of people with chronic diseases. This shows the importance of addressed these kind of aspects. The results are consistent with others found in previous studies. Further research is needed with larger samples.Objetivos: Evaluar variables emocionales (ansiedad, depresión), cognitivas (catastrofismo, autoeficacia percibida) y conductuales (estrategias de afrontamiento); conocer de qué modo este tipo de variables influyen en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en personas con enfermedades crónicas; analizar si existen diferencias significativas en función del género o del diagnóstico de enfermedad crónica en las variables psicológicas mencionadas; detectar si se dan diferencias significativas en las distintas dimensiones de calidad de vida entre población normal y población con enfermedades crónicas. Método: Estudio descriptivo-correlacional realizado en los meses de febrero y marzo de 2015 en el que participaron 35 personas con diferentes diagnósticos de enfermedad crónica, de las cuales 24 (68.6%) eran mujeres y 11 (31.4%) varones. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que las variables emocionales repercuten en la calidad de vida, al igual que la autoeficacia y algunas estrategias de afrontamiento. Se encuentra además que las personas evaluadas presentan niveles de calidad de vida significativamente menores que la población general, y que parecen existir pocas diferencias en las variables evaluadas entre personas con diagnósticos diferentes y entre hombres y mujeres. Conclusiones: Las variables psicológicas juegan un papel importante en la calidad de vida de las personas con enfermedades crónicas, por lo que es necesario abordarlas. Los resultados obtenidos son acordes a los encontrados en estudios previos, aunque es recomendable seguir investigando con muestras más amplias.

Efficacy of remotely-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder: An updated meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

INTRODUCTION: Despite remotely-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) being an emerging field, the evidence of its efficacy in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is limited. We aimed to estimate the efficacy of remotely-delivered CBT for OCD, compared to face-to-face CBT and non-CBT control conditions. METHODS: Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) identified through a systematic literature search of PubMed, Ovid/PsychINFO and Web of Science until 21/06/2021. Eligible studies included individuals with OCD evaluating at least one form of remotely-delivered CBT versus a control condition. Random-effects meta-analyses, sub-analyses, meta-regressions, heterogeneity analyses, publication bias assessment and quality assessment. RESULTS: Twenty-two RCTs were included (n = 1796, mean age = 27.7 years, females = 59.1 %). Remotely-delivered CBT was more efficacious than non-CBT control conditions for OCD symptoms (g = 0.936 95 % CI = 0.597-1.275, p < .001), depressive symptoms (g = 0.358, 95 % CI = 0.125-0.590, p = .003) and anxiety symptoms (g = 0.468, 95 % CI = 0.135-0.800, p = .006). There were no significant differences in efficacy between remotely-delivered CBT and face-to-face CBT for OCD symptoms (g = −0.104 95 % CI = −0.391-0.184, p = .479), depressive symptoms (g = 0.138, 95 % CI = −0.044-0.320, p = .138), anxiety symptoms (g = 0.166, 95 % CI = −0.456-0.780, p = .601) or quality of life (g = 0.057, 95 % CI = −0.178-0.292, p = .489). Higher baseline severity of OCD symptoms was associated with a lower efficacy of remotely-delivered CBT compared to face-to-face CBT (β = −0.092, p = .036). The quality of the included studies was mostly identified as “low risk of bias” (45.5 %) or “some concerns” (45.5 %). LIMITATIONS: Heterogeneity and limited evidence for some outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Remotely-delivered CBT appears efficacious in reducing OCD symptoms and other relevant outcomes and is therefore a viable option for increasing treatment access. Preliminary evidence suggests some individuals with severe OCD may benefit more from face-to-face than remotely-delivered CBT

Performance of Waterfilling-based Schemes for Interference Cancellation in 4G Networks

The proceeding at: 3rd International Workshop on Cognitive Information Processing (CIP 2012), took place 2012, May 28-30, in Baiona, España. The event Web site at http://cip2012.tsc.uc3m.es/In this work we consider the optimization of the power assigned to the user streams in a coordinated base station downlink environment with Orthogonal Frequency Division Modulation (OFDM). In this scenario the base stations perform distributed cooperative processing with a block diagonalization scheme to remove interference among users. Two schemes based on the waterfilling technique are proposed and compared to the optimal solution, which can be obtained numerically, by using convex optimization. We show that the proposed schemes achieve a performance, in terms of weighted sum rate, very close to the optimal, without the heavy computational complexity required by the numerical solution. These sum rates are compared in a simplified scenario consisting of two-user and two-cell. Other more realistic multicell scenario and some examples of achievable rates are presented too.The research leading to these results has received funding from the Spanish Government under coordinated projects TEC2008-06327-C03-01/02/03 (MULTI-ADAPTIVE) and TEC2011-29006-C03-01/02/03 (GRE3N) and from EU FP7 project INFSO-ICT-247223 ARTIST 4G.Publicad